- Type of paper
: Paper in book
Title: Atmosphere
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
Publisher: United Nations Environmental Programme
Year: 1994
Pages: from 36 to 55
Number of references: 15
Language: engleski
Keywords: atmosphere, concentrations, acid rain, Lošinj Island
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Wind field simulation in meteorological applications in
Croatia
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 28
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1993
Pages: from 7 to 17
Number of references: 15
Language: engleski
Summary: This paper describes two numerical models for computing
themesoscale influences of orography, friction and heating on thewind
field. The DM1 model is a diagnostic, one-level, primitiveequation model
and the DM2 is a mass-adjusted, three dimensionalwind field model where
interpolated three-dimensional mean windsare adjusted in a weighted
least-squares sense to satisfy thecontinuity equation within the volume
specified. The models arecapable of simulating a broad scale of atmospheric
phenomena suchas orographic channeling, effects due to changes in
atmosphericstability, land and sea breezes, and anabatic and
katabaticwinds. The main attention is paid to the performed
models'applications for different purposes in the Meteorological Serviceof
Croatia. The given application examples illustrate the broadspectrum of
applications made possible by the models' flexibilityin treating different
weather situations and regions.
Keywords: numerical modeling, wind field, meteorological application
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Monitoring design of Rijeka urban area
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
Journal: Bolletino Geofizico, Rivista dell'Associazione Geofizica
Italiana
Number: 16
Volume: 16
Year: 1993
Pages: from 671 to 682
Language: engleski
Summary: The settlement of various types of emission sources at
coastalareas used to be rather often. The city area of Rijeka is one ofthe
most polluted at the Northern Adriatic. The numerouspollution sources are
assembled here: oil refinery, petroleumindustry, cokery, thermal power
plant, local industrial sources,heavy traffic. The problem is enhanced by
the fact that there isconsiderable regional transport of pollution across
the sea, fromindustrial centers of Northern Italy. The existing
imissionmonitoring program, based on principles of WHO, proved
itselfinsufficient regarding the information that it can provide.Complex
meteorological and topographic features, as well asrather often episodes of
high pollution at the area have imposedthe need for comprehensive
continuous observation system setting.The aim of this paper is to suggest
and propose more suitablemonitoring program for the area, on the basis of
meteorologicaland air quality investigations and analyses.
Keywords: air pollution, monitoring design
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Some characteristics of the long-range transport of
sulphur dioxide in Croatia and Slovenia
- Authors:
- Klaić, Zvjezdana (26374)
Journal: Geofizika
Number: 8
ISSN: 0352-659
Volume: 8
Year: 1991
Pages: from 13 to 24
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The application of a Lagrangian box-model for the
calculation ofsulfur dioxide concentrations in Yugoslavia is
described.Modelled concentrations are then used to estimate dry and
wetdepositions of the pollutant concerned. Further, two days withhigh and
one with low concentrations, recorded and calculated forthe Croatia and
Slovenia, are selected. These cases areillustrated by 30-hour backward 850
hPa air trajectories.
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Trajectory calculation by means of Petterssen's method
- Authors:
- Klaić, Zvjezdana (26374)
- Cvitan, Lidija (11480)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 28
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1993
Pages: from 37 to 42
Number of references: 16
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The Petterssen's method of trajectory calculation is
described. Trajectories were followed 120 h backward with a 3 h time step.
The wind vector in the interpolation point was determined using a1/R2
aligned technique, where the weighting factor depends on the angle between
wind direction and a line from the interpolation point to the measurement
station. This designed computer program is applicable to any isobaric level
or vertical layer, depending on input wind data. The number and position of
receptors are optional. Until now, the program has been applied to
calculation of 925 hPa surface trajectories and trajectories based on
vertically averaged wind over the layer between the ground and 850 hPa
level, arriving at Puntijarka during the 6-month period. Limitations in the
program application to real wind data are because of incomplete input
radiosonde data.
Keywords: trajectory, Petterssen's method
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Statistical analysis of severe Adriatic bora
- Authors:
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 26
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 26
Year: 1991
Pages: from 41 to 51
Language: engleski
Summary: This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis
ofsevere bora occurrence at two locations, Split and Dubrovnik,
inmid-Adriatic. A situation with severe bora is defined as a periodwith
wind, in direction of which is continuously between 360o and90o, with a
mean hourly speed >17.0 m/s during at least one hour.In the 30-year period
of observation (1958-1987) 116 situationswith severe bora were registered
in Split. This is four timesless than in Senj, on the northern Adriatic. In
Dubrovnik, severebora is not so frequent. It is shown that severe bora
withmaximum gusts >40.0 m/s appears along the entire Adriatic coast,but its
duration and frequency decrease from north to south.
Keywords: severe bora, strong bora, Split, Dubrovnik, statistical wind analysis
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Severe bora on the mid-Adriatic
- Authors:
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 28
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1993
Pages: from 19 to 36
Language: engleski
Summary: The Adriatic severe bora can partly be explained by
thetwo-dimensional hydraulic theory, as one of the possiblemechanisms of a
strong surface downslope wind. A comparison ofthe application of the
hydraulic theory shows a similar severebora mechanism on the northern and
mid-Adriatic, with theexception of the Senj area where special bora effects
have beenobserved. As the theory could not completely explain Adriaticbora,
this required a study of a three-dimensional borastructure. The results
have been achieved through analyses of theinteraction of the upstream bora
structure (sounding measurementat Zagreb and Belgrade) and the downstream
bora structure atSplit. The only available aerological data at Split date
back tothe period 1959-1963 and can be used for a comparison ofestimated
hydraulic parameters on the lee side.
Keywords: severe bora, hydraulic theory, three-dimensional analysis
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Radiative transfer and turbulence in the cloud-topped
marine atmospheric boundary layer
- Authors:
- Rogers, D.
- Koračin, Darko (79364)
Journal: Journal of atmospheric sciences
Number: 49
ISSN: 0022-4928
Volume: 49
Year: 1992
Pages: from 1473 to 1486
Language: engleski
Summary: The effects of longwave and shortwave radiative heating on
thecoupling between stratocumulus clouds and the boundary-layer
isinvestigated using a one-dimensional second-momentturbulence-closure
model. The decoupling of a stratiform cloudfrom the subcloud layer is often
a precursor to cloud break upand the transition to scattered cumulus clouds
or clear sky.Coupling between cloud and subcloud layers is found to be
verysensitive to cloud depth and subcloud layer sensible and latentheat
fluxes. In particular a strong moisture flux can maintainweak coupling
between the cloud and subcloud layers so that thelower part of the cloud
layer may continue to develop despite theformation of a stable temperature
gradient between the top of thesubcloud layer and cloud base. The effect of
shortwave heating onthe coupling is threefold. First, shortwave heating
directlyoffsets the net longwave cooling at cloud top by as much as 30%(in
February at latitude 29 deg N), reducing or eliminating theoverall cooling
of the cloud layer during part of the day.Second, shortwave heating
decreases exponentially from a maximumat cloud top, which tends to
stabilize and evaporate the cloudlayer. In a deep cloud layer radiative
heating is restricted tothe upper part of the cloud, which warms at a
faster rate thanthe lower part of the cloud; hence decoupling can occur
withinthe cloud layer. Vertical mixing in the cloud is limited, andmultiple
cloud layers may form. Third, the maximum shortwaveheating is displaced
below the maximum longwave cooling, creatinga divergent flux that generates
convection in the upper part ofthe cloud layer that, in turn, promotes
entrainment. In a deepcloud layer, shortwave radiative heating can affect
thedecoupling of a cloud and subcloud layer only if longwave coolingis
reduced sufficiently to allow longwave radiative heating ofcloud base to
warm the lower part of the cloud at a faster ratethan the subcloud layer is
heated by the sea surface. In ashallow cloud layer, shortwave radiation may
penetrate to cloudbase to provide an additional heat source to decouple the
cloudfrom the subcloud layer. These results highlight the difficultyof
predicting the formation, evolution, and dissipation of marinestratocumulus
clouds.
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: A statistical analysis of inversions and mixing layer
heights in Zagreb area
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 26
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 26
Year: 1991
Pages: from 87 to 98
Language: hrvatski
Summary: A statistical analysis of surface inversions, elevated
inversionand mixing heights over Zagreb region has been performed by
meansof radiosonde observations at Zagreb-Maksimir at 00 and 12
UTC(1977-1982). Annual frequency of all night inversions is 90%, andof all
day inversions is about 65%. During all seasons thesurface inversions most
frequently reach the height of about 100m. Height surface inversions are
winter characteristics andhaving a persistency up to several days. Elevated
inversionheights show a considerable seasonal and diurnal variability
withtheir lower basis being much lower during the colder part of ayear.
Mixing layer heights are greater during summer than duringwinter time.
Keywords: surface inversion, elevated inversion, mixing height, statistical analysis, Zagreb
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Some peculiarities of the annual air pressure variation in
Croatia
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 28
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1993
Pages: from 81 to 88
Number of references: 28
Language: hrvatski
Summary: An analysis of the annual variation of monthly and ten day
air pressure means helped to reveal some weather peculiarities which were
detected only for shorter time intervals. These findings were compared with
the annual variation of monthly and ten day frequencies of the main weather
types, and also with other authors statements on weather dependence upon
the frequency of cyclones and anticyclones. The results have made it
possible to postulate that a decrease in pressure during the second decade
of February is a climatic characteristic of the whole of Croatia connected
with the fairly regular appearance and prevailing influence of cyclone upon
the weather during that short period.
Keywords: annual variation, ten day mean, absolute frequency, air pressure,weather type
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The chemical composition of rainfall at the weather
stations of Zavižan, Rijeka and Ogulin
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Borovečki, Dunja
Journal: Izvanredne meteorološke i hidrološke prilike 1991. u
Republici Hrvatskoj
ISSN: 1330-0601
Year: 1992
Pages: from 41 to 46
Language: hrvatski
Summary: In this paper the chemical composition of rainfall and the
wetdeposition of components and their impact on diverse ecosystemshas been
analyzed. The samples of rainfall have been taken fromthe main weather
watch station of Zavižan (at 1594 m above sealevel), from the littoral
station Rijeka (120 m above sea level)and the continental station Ogulin -
Gorski kotar (at 328 m abovesea level). These later stations are part of
the GlobalAtmosphere Watch Stations while the weather station of Zavižan
ispart of EMEP and MEDPOL. The results of all physical and chemicalanalyses
of the rainfall reveal that the highest rainfall aciditywas in Rijeka. It
has to be emphasized that the annual depositionof sulfur at each weather
station was highly above the criticalload for soil and water. The deposit
of nitrogen was withinallowed limits. Even in October 1992, with rain
falling in largequantities, the deposits of sulfur and nitrogen reached
extremevalues only at the weather station of Zavižan.
Keywords: acif rain, concentration, ions deposition
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Characteristical features of acid rain in Croatia during
1991
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Borovečki, Dunja
Journal: Izvanredne meteorološke i hidrološke prilike 1991. u
Republici Hrvatskoj
ISSN: 1330-0601
Year: 1992
Pages: from 41 to 46
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Acid rains and atmospheric deposition at the Plitvica
lakes in 1990
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
Journal: Izvanredne meteorološke i hidrološke prilike
ISSN: 1330-0601
Year: 1991
Pages: from 45 to 48
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Precipitation reaction (pH) in correlation with the
precipitation amount and average daily air temperature in the region of
Križevci, Koprivnica and Varaždin in 1988
- Authors:
- Ivanek, V.
- Ivanek-Martinčić, M.
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Živičnjak, Z.
Journal: Šumarski list
ISSN: 0373-1332
Year: 1991
Pages: from 173 to 191
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The comparison of chemical composition of rainfalls at
meteorological stations Grič in Zagreb and Zavižan on Velebit
- Authors:
- Šoljić, Z.
- Eškinja, I.
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Vrhovac, Ante
Journal: Ekologija
ISSN: 0531-9110
Volume: 24
Year: 1989
Pages: from 107 to 119
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The chemical composition of rainfalls examined at
meteorologicalstations Grič in Zagreb and Zavižan on Velebit are presented
inthis paper. Average substance concentrations are approximatelythe same at
both stations. However there is a great quantity ofrainfalls in Zavižan
area and consequently a greaterconcentration of the polluting materials
which harmfully affectwoods and surface waters.
Keywords: acid raind, deposition, eco system, long-range transport
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Winter daily temperature minimum, wind velocity and SO2
concentrations correlation in the centre of Zagreb
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Journal: Bolletino Geofizico, Rivista dell'Associazione Geofizica
Italiana
Number: 15
Volume: 15
Year: 1991
Pages: from 319 to 326
Language: engleski
Summary: Seasonal variations of weather types and corresponding
urban meanconcentration level of SO2 at Zagreb are fairly developed so
thatone can assume that they influence the urban background pollutionas
well. This fact should be in some way incorporated in the wayof the
background pollution determination.
Keywords: wind velocity, SO2 concentration, K-theory
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Croatian observational network design for background and
regional air pollution control
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Jelavić, Vladimir
- Prpić, Branimir
Journal: Bolletino Geofizico, Rivista dell'Associazione Geofizica
Italiana
Number: 15
Volume: 15
Year: 1991
Pages: from 27 to 37
Language: engleski
Summary: Observational network for background and regional control
ofairborne pollution in Croatia has not been completed yet.
Twometeorological stations: Zavižan at 1594 m above the sea leveland
Puntjarka at 988 m above sea level (near the city of Zagreb)have been
equipped and included into EMEP monitoring programsince 1982. It has been
recognize that locations of those twostations are neither quite appropriate
nor sufficient for thepurpose they have been intended to. Serious problems
of air andprecipitation pollution initiated a completion of a
nationalmonitoring project. Aim of this work is to present the
spatialdistribution of monitoring sites, to elaborate nationalobservational
programs, selection of methods and instruments.
Keywords: background pollution, regional pollution, monitoring program
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: An estimation of the background air pollution in
dependence on the prevailing weather types
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Journal: Bolletino Geofizico, Rivista dell'Associazione Geofizica
Italiana
Number: 15
Volume: 15
Year: 1991
Pages: from 301 to 308
Language: engleski
Summary: Background pollution of a small area can differ from the
overallvalue obtained by the long range transport models. These
basicconcentrations can be determined as those lowest concentrationsthat do
not vary any longer with local meteorological parametersof wind regime and
turbulent diffusion. Otherwise, they aremeteorologically invariant, and
with the constant overallemission level they may change only in a case of a
significantclimatic fluctuation, which might change a dispersion
potentialof the given locality.
Keywords: areal mean concentration, seasonal frequency, weather types
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Vertical eddy pollutant flux in urban conditions
- Authors:
- Grčić, Marina (195940)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 28
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1993
Pages: from 1 to 6
Language: engleski
Summary: Vertical turbulent fluxes of pollutant between urban canopy
layerand urban boundary layer have been determined and discussed forcities
of variable sizes.
Keywords: vertical eddy pollutant flux, urban canopy layer, sensible heat flux, surface roughness
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Wind profile in surface layer of the atmosphere
- Authors:
- Cvitan, Lidija (11480)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
Number: 1
ISSN: 0352-1079
Volume: 26
Year: 1991
Pages: from 53 to 63
Number of references: 20
Language: hrvatski
Summary: A wind model based on the Monin-Obukhov theory has
been prepared for operational use over flat terrain in northern Croatia.
The input parameters are air temperature at 2 and 35 m, wind speed at 35
m and a constant value for surface roughnesslength z determined on the
basis of terrain classification by Kondo and Yamazawa (1986). The
iterative method was used to improve the accuracy of some similarity
parameters. The wind profiles showed considerable dependence upon
stability. Therefore special stability categories were introduced,
based on the values of bulk Richardson number. Based on the
similarity theory universal functions, the local functions were derived
for each stability class. These functions were included into the model
and only then a satisfactory wind speed profile simulation was achieved.
Keywords: Monin-Obukhov theory, universal functions, iterative method, stability classification
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Weather types in Croatia
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 29
Year: 1994
Pages: from 31 to 41
Number of references: 10
Language: hrvatski
Summary: This article deals with the analysis of the weather types
determined for continental Croatia during the period 1971-1990. The common
statistics of annual, seasonal and monthly relative frequencies has been
evaluated with the addition of ten day values so that the relationship
between weather types and meteorological parameters can be defined more
realistically. Besides, a scheme of the weather types, partitioning
according to their influence upon the weather, has been suggested. An
additional statistics of weather type duration, of transition from one type
to another and of the variability or, posibly the steadiness of ceratin
weather type appearance in the given period completes the analysis together
with various information about weather conditions in the Croatian
hinterland.
Keywords: weather type, statistical analysis, annual, seasonal, monthly and ten day relative frequency, weather type categories
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Temeljna koncentracija sumpornog dioksida u Bakarskom
zaljevu
- Authors:
- Šinik, Nadežda
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Marki, Anton
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 28
Year: 1994
Pages: from 21 to 24
Number of references: 6
Language: engleski
Summary: A correlation between wind velocity and simultaneous
pollutant concentrations at a given locality makes possible to estimate
potential background pollution. A simple procedure has been derived which
helps to determine the minimum concentration coresponding to a theoretical
case when wind velocity approach infinity. It is applicable to any
locality. Such research was carried out in teh Bakar Bay, on the northern
Adriatic coast of Croatia, for simultaneous hourly series of sulphur
dioxide concentration and wind velocity. It turned out that the minimum
value of sulphur dioxide concentration which could not be cleared away any
longer by meteorological factors did not depend upon the change in
intensity of the local sea and land breeze circulation and its dispersive
potentials. Still, when wind directions were taken into account, the
different impact of distant and close emission upon the local background
pollution could be detected.
Keywords: estimation of local background pollution, sea and land breeze
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Generalized hydraulic model sensitivity to the input data
- Authors:
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
Journal: Annalen der Meteorologie
ISSN: 0072-4122
Volume: 30
Year: 1994
Pages: from 113 to 117
Number of references: 11
Language: engleski
Summary: In the generalized hydraulic theory model (Smith and Sun,
1987) considered an incompressible flow approach a ridge with uniform
speed. This paper deals with the sensibility of model results regards the
variability of wind velicity as input data.
Keywords: hydraulic theory, input data
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Sulphur dioxide concentration in the Northern Adriatic
health resort area
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 29
Year: 1994
Pages: from 11 to 20
Number of references: 5
Language: engleski
Summary: The series of 1226 samples of 24-hoours sulphur dioxide
concentration data in Veli Lošinj during the period 1986-1989 have been
analysed together with basic meteorological variables measured on Mali
Lošinj at 3 climatological terms. The day-to-day synoptic weather types are
examined in order to relate synoptic scale flow pattern to sulphur dioxide
concentration data. The pollution level in Lošinj area was found to be
considerably lower than the minimum legal value of sulphur dioxide based on
public health criteria. Nevertheless, particular meteorological conditions
such as anticyclonic situations with slight winds from SW-NW direction in
winter and bora favourable conditions in spring produced the limited number
of situations with greater 24-hours suplphur dioxide concentrations. From
the analysis of the effects of various meteorological elements wind speed
and directions were found to be best correlated with the pollution
concentration. It is shown that the worst cased air pollution situations in
areas of low emission rates are not necessarily stagnation periods but my
be periods with good ventilation.
Keywords: sulphur dioxide concentration, Northern Adriatic, weather types
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Acid rain events at the Lošinj Island
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 29
Year: 1994
Pages: from 75 to 77
Number of references: 5
Language: engleski
Summary: For the period June 1987 - December 1989, daily
precipitation samples were collected at Veli Lošinj, health resort located
at the southern part of the Lošinj island. The main purpose of the
measurement programme was to determine frequency and conditions of acid
rain occurrences. Bulk precipitation samples were collected and analysed
with regard to precipitation acidity only, which significantly limited the
scope of the research. It was found that for the whole period 32% of
samples were acidic, with the avergae precipitation weighted pH to be 4.38.
It was noted that strong acidity was correlated with larger precipitation
amount.
Keywords: precipitation, rain acidity
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Chemical composition of precipitation on the Zavižn,
Rijeka and Ogulin area
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Eškinja, I.
- Borovečki, Dunja
- Vrhovac, Ante
Journal: EUR. Eko usmjereni razvoj
Number: 1/2
Volume: 2
Year: 1995
Pages: from 45 to 56
Number of references: 16
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Chemical composition of rainfall and wet deposition of
substances which may cause harmfull effects in ecosystem were observed.
Composition of rainfall collected at meteorological stations Zavižan on
Velebit, Rijeka Kozala and Ogulin were taken into consideration. Results
obtained show dependence of wet and dry deposition according to the area
covered by meteorological stations. Pollution was the greatest in
industrial zone, then in zone of forests and it was also present at the
referent station. Composition of rainfall depends on sources of local
pollution and long range transport of particles through the atmosphere.
Keywords: acid rain, wet deposition
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Acid precipitation and atmospheric deposition at the
meteorological stations in Croatia in 1994
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Borovečki, Dunja
Journal: Izvanredne meteorološke i hidrološke prilike
ISSN: 1330-0601
Volume: 18
Year: 1995
Pages: from 133 to 136
Number of references: 5
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The analyses of the composition and the characteristics of
the daily samples of precipitation reveal a high frequency of acid rains as
well as the annual deposition of sulphur and inorganic nitrogen from
nitrate and ammonium. The highest percentage of acid rains was registered
in the littoral area of Rijeka 38%, followed by Puntijarka (Medvednica),
Ogulin, Zagreb, Zavižan (Velebit). In Croatia there are modest and low acid
rains, and rarely high acid rains. This year again deposition of sulphur
highly exceeds the critical annual limits for deposition of sulphur on soil
and surface waters.
A special attention has to be paid to the emission of fluoride.It has to be
emphasized that the result of the analyses of the rains in Samobor area
reveals unexpectedly high concentartions of fluoride being even 10 times
higher than the concentrations registered over many years on other
stations.
Keywords: acid rain, deposition, fluoride
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Aerial analysis of the strongest north Adriatic ALPEX bora
case
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
Journal: Hrvatski meteorološki časopis
ISSN: 1330-0083
Volume: 27
Year: 1992
Pages: from 21 to 34
Number of references: 25
Language: engleski
Summary: This paper presents the results of an aerial analysis of
the bora case on 6-7 March 1982 using aerological data from 10 stations in
the region 40-49 N, 10-22 E. The objective method has been constructed for
the presentation of the isentropic surfaces and the two-dimensional
isentropic analysis scheme considered seems to be capable of describing the
main three-dimensional features of air flow during bora: the descent of a
stable bora layer not only along the NE bora flow, but also perpendicular
to this flow in the upstream region, the region of vertical divergence
forming a dead regionwith storng turbulence downstream, the anticyclonic
vorticity in the lee of the Alps and cyclonic circulation in the
mid-Adriatic before the bora onset.
Keywords: Adriatic bora, objectiv analysis, isentropes
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Acid precipitation at the Northern Adriatic
- Authors:
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
Proceedings title: Report and Proceedings of the Second WMO/UNEP Workshop. MAP Techn.Reports No.64
Language: engleski
Place: Atena, Gržka
Year: 1992
Pages: from 137 to 155
Meeting: Second WMO/UNEP Workshop
Held: from 04/08/91 to 04/12/91
Summary: The high emission release from industrial stacks (oil
refinery,cokery, thermal power plant), urban emissions and heavy
traffic,associated with unfavorable meteorological conditions often
causehigh levels of SO2 concentrations, episodes of acid precipitationas
well as sulfate and nitrate depositions at Kvarner Bay area inthe Northern
Adriatic. The aim of this paper is to discuss airand precipitation
pollution level in this part of the Adriaticcoast SO2 average daily
concentrations and the three maincomponents (pH, SO42- -S, NO3- -N) in
daily precipitation samplesduring the five - year period 1985-1989 was
statisticallyanalyzed. It has been shown that 5-15 % of average daily
SO2concentrations at Rijeka are higher than the legislated limitvalue;
average five years daily mean was about 100 mg/m3, andpeak value reaching
even 500 mg/m3. 42 % of precipitation sampleswere acid, with sulfur wet
deposition about 25-44 kg/ha per yearand nitrogen wet deposition about 10
kg/ha per year. Thecomparison of data from an urban, industrially developed
area(Rijeka) and two rural regions (Zavižan, at 1594 m above sealevel, and
Veli Lošinj, on the island of Lošinj at the sea level)indicates that the
long-range transport of pollution from westernMediterranean contributes to
the overall pollution in this area,especially in the case of acid rain
episodes.
Keywords: acid precipitation, sulfate deposition, nitrate deposition, air pollution
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Wet deposition at Zagreb area
- Authors:
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Editors
- Franković, Bernard
Proceedings title: Energija i zaštita čovjekove okoline
Language: hrvatski
Place: Opatija
Year: 1992
ISBN/ISSN: 86-81601-01-9
Pages: from 187 to 194
Meeting: Međunarodni kongers Energija i zaštita čovjekove okoline
Held: from 10/28/92 to 10/30/92
Summary: For the evaluation of long-range transportation impact on
theprecipitation quality in urban and industrial area of the city ofZagreb,
the main acid compounds in precipitation and the wetdeposition of sulfur
and nitrogen were analyzed. The paperpresents results of precipitation
acidity data and main acidcompounds during a 10-year period from
1982.-1991. The data isbased on daily precipitation samples collected at
three stations:one in the city center; the other between the urban
andindustrial areas; and the last one at the top of a 1000 m highmountain
near Zagreb. The acid wet deposition over a broader areaof Zagreb is
between 0.1 and 0.4 kg/ha per year, while thedeposition of sulfur is 10 -
30 kg/ha and that of nitrogen is 3 -11 kg/ha per year. It has been shown
that urban and industrialareas of the city are under the prevailing impact
of localpollution sources, and the area surrounding the city is under
theprevailing impact of long distance sources.
Keywords: wet deposition, sulpjur, nitrogen
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Power law wind profile oevr hilly terrain
- Authors:
- Cvitan, Lidija (11480)
Proceedings title: papers Compendium of 15th International Conference on the Charpatian Meteorology
Language: engleski
Place: Uzghorod, Ukrajina
Year: 1991
Pages: from 120 to 125
Meeting: 15th International Conference on the Carpathian Meteorology
Held: from 09/16/91 to 09/21/91
Summary: Wind speed profiles over a rather rough terrain were
simulated bymeans of the power law. The exponents of the power law p were
determined experimentally. A classification according to stability has
revealed that in the stable case the exponent p is dependent on the wind
velocity v at a given low level Z1. A simple method has been accomplished
to determine the level Z1 over orographically developed terrain. It's
experimental testing at the location where the experiment was conducted
indicated the significance of the level Z1 as a representative measuring
levelat a given locality.
Keywords: wind speed profile, atmospheric stability, power law
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Natural potential of air ventilation in Zagreb
- Authors:
- Cvitan, Lidija (11480)
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Editors
- Franković, Bernard
Proceedings title: Energija i zaštita čovjekove okoline
Language: hrvatski
Place: Opatija
Year: 1992
ISBN/ISSN: 86-81601-01-9
Pages: from 179 to 185
Meeting: Međunarodni kongers Energija i zaštita čovjekove okoline
Held: from 10/28/92 to 10/30/92
Summary: Industrial pollutants impact on the environment in the
Zagreb's area depends considerably upon the meteorological circumstances.
On the other hand these circumstances could be modified by means of the
industrial pollutants themselves. Last investigations of their reciprocal
influences performed in Hydrometeorological Institute of Croatia, were
performed for the practical applications. The meteorological parameters
representative for the survey of the natural possibilities of air
ventilation in Zagreb are discussed here.
Keywords: meteorological elements, diffusion, atmospheric boundary layer
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: The strongest bora event on the mid-Adriatic
- Authors:
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
Proceedings title: 22nd Internationap Conference on Alpine Meteorology
Language: engleski
Place: Toulouse, Francuska
Year: 1992
Pages: from 55 to 59
Meeting: 22nd International Conference on Alpine Meteorology
Held: from 09/07/92 to 09/11/92
Summary: The main spatial and temporal characteristics
ofthree-dimensional atmospheric conditions in the most intense boracase on
the mid-Adriatic, on 14-17 March 1962, were considered.It is shown that
during severe mid-Adriatic bora one or two upperlevel inversions are
reflected in the upstream region. Theseinversions separate the higher and
lower atmospheric air flow andmake the lower fluid according to the
hydraulic law. Theapplication of the hydraulic theory to small variations
ofsurface bora intensity succesfully estimated the maximum boravelocity and
the downstream bora layer height. However analyseshave shown that the
two-dimensional hydraulic theory could notcompletely explain mid-Adriatic
bora occurrence. This required astudy of a three-dimensional bora structure
which was carried outby analysing aerological data from Zagreb and Belgrade
(upstream)and Split (downstream bora region). The analysis emphansizes
thespatial and temporal variations of the wind field and stabilityduring
bora occurrence not only along the NE bora flow, but alsoperpendicular to
this flow in the upstream area.
Keywords: hydraulic theory, three-dimensional atmospheric structure, severe bora
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Simulation of dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in
complex terrain
- Authors:
- Enger, L.
- Koračin, Darko (79364)
Proceedings title: 85th Annual Meeting and Exibition
Language: engleski
Place: Kansas City, USA
Year: 1992
Pages: from 1 to 15
Meeting: 85th Annual Meeting and Exibition
Held: from 06/21/92 to 06/26/92
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: simulations of the local dynamics in a mountain valley
- Authors:
- Koračin, Darko (79364)
- Enger, L.
Proceedings title: 84th Annual Meeting and Exibition
Language: engleski
Place: Vancouver, Kanada
Year: 1991
Pages: from 1 to 6
Meeting: 84th Annual Meeting and Exibition
Held: from 06/16/91 to 06/21/91
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Background air pollution on mountain Medvednica
- Authors:
- Šinik, Nadežda
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Marki, Anton (180825)
Proceedings title: Annalen der Meteorologie
Language: engleski
Place: Lindau, Njemačka
Year: 1994
Pages: from 333 to 335
Meeting: 23. Internationale Tagung fur Alpine Meteorologie
Held: from 09/05/94 to 09/09/94
Summary: A theory of the background pollution has been derived which
enables to determine a local background pollutant concentration by means of
simultaneous series of wind velocities and pollutant concentration when
wind velocity approaches its maximum. That way the background value of
sulphur dioxide concentrations at Puntjarka was determined for the general
case and particularly for winds from the city of Zagreb. An intercomparison
of these values proves the top of Medvednica reliable for the detection of
pollutants brought to the northeastern Croatia by air streams from distant
emission sources.
Keywords: background pollution, wind velocity, Medvednica mountain
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Pressure singularity detected by a mountain station
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
- Zaninović, Ksenija
Proceedings title: Annalen der Meteorologie 30
Language: engleski
Place: Lindau, Njemačka
Year: 1994
Pages: from 268 to 271
Meeting: 23. Internationale Tagung fur Alpine Meteorologie
Held: from 09/05/94 to 09/09/95
Summary: An analysis of the air pressure annual variation based on
the average ten-day means corresponds well with the annual variation of
monthly means, but it has revealed some new climate peculiarities. The most
prominent feature appeared to be a pressure decrease in the second decade
of February, which was pronounced all over Croatia. Previous investigations
revealed an increased cloudiness followed by a decay of insolation and a
greater number of rainy days during the mentioned ten-day period. Moreover,
the previously found steadiness of cyclonic weather types during the second
decade of February and also the maximum frequency of Adriatic cyclones when
compared with the results in this work clearly indicate that the pressure
decrease in the second decade of February is overall climatic
characteristic of the whole of Croatia. This peculiarity is presumably
related to a characteristic pattern of the general circulation of the
atmosphere. The weather characteristics of this short period in February
might not be relevant only for the climate of Croatia, but also for the
region of southeastern Europe.
Keywords: air pressure singularity, mountain station
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Analysis of Ozon data from the TOR station Puntijarka
- Authors:
- Butković, V.
- Cvitaš, Tomislav
- Klasinc, Leo
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
Proceedings title: Conference Proceeding, EUROTRAC Symposium 1994
Language: engleski
Place: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Njemačka
Year: 1994
Pages: from 271 to 274
Meeting: EUROTRAC Symposium on transport and transformation of pollutants in the troposphere
Held: from 04/11/94 to 04/15/94
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Precipitation quality and prevailing weather types at
Zagreb area
- Authors:
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
Proceedings title: Conference Proceedings Acid Reign 95?
Language: engleski
Place: Goteborg, Švedska
Year: 1995
Pages: from 33 to 33
Meeting: 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition
Held: from 06/26/95 to 06/30/95
Summary: In order to estimate local pollution sources influence
on forest region in the vicinity of Zagreb chemical composition
of precipitation in dependence on prevailing weather types were
analysed. The day-to-day weather is organised on the basis of
mesoscale atmospheric circulation patterns that can provide an
environmental baseline inventory particular for the considered region.
The data of pH and major ion content in a 10-year period from
1982-1991 were statistically analysed. The data are based on daily bulk
precipitation samples collected at three stations: one at the top of a 1000
m high mountain near Zagreb, the other
in the city centre and the last one between the urban and industrial areas.
It has been shown that urban and industrial areas of the city
are under the prevailing impact of local pollution sources.
The rural station is under the prevailing influence of long distant
sources and therefore can be a good indicator for long-range transport of
pollutants to the north-western part of Croatia. However, there are weather
situations when this location is under the rather strong influence of
local urban pollution sources.
Keywords: chemical coposition of precipitation, weather types, local pollution, regional pollution
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Chemical composition and characteristics of precipitations
in Rijeka, Senj and Šibenik raingage stations
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Borovečki, Dunja
- Editors
- Gereš, Dragutin
Proceedings title: Zbornik radova / Proceedings
Language: hrvatski
Place: Dubrovnik
Year: 1995
ISBN/ISSN: 953-96455-1-4
Pages: from 561 to 568
Meeting: 1. Hrvatska konferencija o vodama
Held: from 05/24/95 to 05/27/95
Summary: Chemical composition and characteristics of precipitations
and participations of acid rains during 1993 and 1994 were analyzed at
Rijeka Kozala, Snej Lopica and Šibenik. Those stations are included in the
global monitoring system through World Meteorological Organization. The
research results indicate that the highest incidence of the acid rains is
in the Rijeka region i.e. 40%. Total annual sulphur deposition in the
researched area exceeds the critical annual soil and surface water
deposition amounts of 0.2 to 0.5 g/sq.m. by several times. Annual
deposition of nitrogen from nitrates is within the critical amounts of 1 to
2 g/sq.m. However, atmospheric ingress of total anorganic nitrogen (from
nitrates and ammonia) exceeds 2.0 g/sq.m.
The results of conducted research works on already warning of the
atmospheric pollution. They are the valuable data for further planning of
economic development and construction of new determental polluters.
Keywords: acid rain, deposition
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Numerical modelling of wind field for nuclear power plant
Krško
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Editors
- Franić, Zdenko
- Kubelka, Dragan
Proceedings title: Zbornik radova Drugog simpozija Hrvatskog društva za zaštitu od zračenja
Language: hrvatski
Place: Zagreb
Year: 1994
ISBN/ISSN: 953-96133-0-2
Pages: from 71 to 76
Meeting: Drugi simpozij Hrvatskog društva za zaštitu od zračenja
Held: from 11/23/94 to 11/25/94
Summary: This paper discribes the numerical model for computing the
mesoscale influences of orography, friction and heating on the wind field
and its application to the air particle trajectory calculation in the
vicinity of the Krško nuclear power plant. The model was run in several
weather situations. The presented numerical model has a potential for
diagnosing important details of the wind field during various conditions
and on many locations and has proven to be useful analysis tool in regions
of complex terrain. The ability to use commonly available meteorological
data has made this model practical for many purposes including real-time
assessment of environmental effects of toxic atmospheric releases.
Keywords: numerical modelling, wind field, trajecories
- Type of paper
: Paper in proceedings
Title: Meteorological aspects of nuclear and chemical incidents
and environmental emergency response activities
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Editors
- Franić, Zdenko
- Kubelka, Dragan
Proceedings title: Zbornik radova Drugog simpozija Hrvatskog društva za zaštitu od zračenja
Language: hrvatski
Place: Zagreb
Year: 1994
ISBN/ISSN: 53-96133-0-2
Pages: from 93 to 98
Meeting: Drugi simpozij Hrvatskog društva za zaštitu od zračenja
Held: from 11/23/94 to 11/25/94
Summary:
This paper discusses problems associated with environmental emergency
response activities. Particularly, it summarizes the meteorological support
that should be available to the emergency services in the event of nuclear
and chemical accidents,
natural disasters and for the purpose of pollution episodes control.
Although all mentioned events, potentially harmful for people, livestock
and crops, considerably differ one from the other, they have something
shared: weather, or more generally,
meteorological conditions that strongly affect pathways and dispersion of
debris released into the atmosphere.
For those, managing the response to incidents of different kind,
meteorological advice is of most value at a very early stage of the
incident and after the emergency is under control. At a very early stage it
is important to know where the plume is liable to spread, while later on it
is important to ascertain where significant amounts of material may have
been deposited on the ground.
Following the release of toxic substance into the atmosphere, the
subsequent path of the material is mainly determined by prevailing wind.
The track of the meandering plume continually changes so that a given point
on the ground is sometimes affected by the pollution and sometimes is not.
For the emergency planning an indication of the total area that could be
influenced by the plume during the course of an incident is very important.
Its size varies as meteorological conditions change, but with a knowledge
of the local conditions it can be estimated to a useful degree of accuracy
in any particular event. Another aspect, which is relevant to the longer
range transport of pollutants is the
effect of rain. As a rain falls through a cloud of nuclear or toxic
material, it collects the particles or absorbs gases and deposits them on
the ground. This "wet deposition" process is responsible for high
radioactive or toxic levels on the ground.
Meteorological advice has to be made both quickly and in a form that can be
readily assimilated. It could be achieved if all relevant aspects are
considered not only during the course of the accident, but also in
preparatory phase. Important aspects for
consideration are: a) The nature of accident and how that affects the
requirements for an emergency response; b) The organisation of the
authority responsible for managing the emergency response; c)
Meteorological service procedures for internal (within the
country) incidents; and d) International aspects and how meteorological
advice is to be available in case of the transboundary accident that may
affect the country.
This paper outlines what advice the Meteorological service or Croatia can
offer, and how quickly that advice can be made available for scenarios
ranging from short duration
local chemical accidents to major nuclear accident. Furthermore, it
emphasizes what should be done to further develop and considerably improve
existing emergency response system.
Keywords: acsident, meteorological suport, emergency response activity
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: High SO2 concentrations in the Northern Adriatic health
resort area
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
Proceedings title: Extended Abstracts of Papers
Language: engleski
Place: Sofija, Bugarska
Year: 1993
Pages: from 75 to 75
Meeting: WMO Region VI COnference on the Measurements and Moddeling of Atmospheric Composition Changes including Pollution Transport
Held: from 10/04/93 to 10/08/93
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Precipitation chemistry at selected coastal locations in
Croatia
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
Proceedings title: Extended Abstracts of Papers
Language: engleski
Place: Sofija, Bugarska
Year: 1993
Pages: from 103 to 103
Meeting: WMO Region VI COnference on the Measurements and Moddeling of Atmospheric Composition Changes including Pollution Transport
Held: from 10/04/93 to 10/08/93
Summary: The settlement of various types of emission sources at
coastalareas used to be very often. A presence of diverse
unfavorableconditions associated with industrially development has
beendisregarded or neglected in many cases, hence the air, water andsoil
pollution has been a common problem of these areas. This isparticularly the
case at the Northern Adriatic. The area ofRijeka, urban and suburban, is
one of the most polluted at thatregion. Oil refinery, petroleum industry,
cokery, thermal powerplant, local industrial sources, factories and heavy
traffic arethere. The problem is enhanced by the fact that there
issignificant regional transport of pollutants across the sea fromthe
industrial centers of Northern Italy. Purpose of this workwas to analyze
data on concentrations of major ions and theacidity in precipitation
samples at three coastal sites. Pula andRijeka at Northern Adriatic, and
Dubrovnik at Southern has beenselected for this analysis for the reason to
explain differencesassociated with weather patterns at Northern and
SouthernAdriatic. Data quality control has been performed for all
threesites. Monthly and seasonal weighted average concentration valuesand
depositions have been analyzed in connection withmeteorological weather
patterns. Trends have been estimated forRijeka and Dubrovnik for the whole
period of existing data (10years). Significant differences found for the
three sites arediscussed. Possible explanations for obtained results have
beenindicated, although some cases of high concentrations of nitrateand
sulfate ions at Dubrovnik still remained unclear.
Keywords: precipitation quality, major ions, deposition
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Acid rain study on teh Northern Adriatic health resort
area
- Authors:
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
Proceedings title: Extended Abstracts of Papers
Language: engleski
Place: Sofija, Bugarska
Year: 1993
Pages: from 101 to 101
Meeting: WMO Region VI COnference on the Measurements and Moddeling of Atmospheric Composition Changes including Pollution Transport
Held: from 10/04/93 to 10/08/93
Summary: Acid rain has become one of the major environmental
problemsfacing not only industrialized countries, but the less
developedcountries too, mainly due to the fact that there are noboundaries
that could prevent transport of pollutants at largedistances, and their
deposition to recently pure and unpollutedareas. In this paper we present
some of results of precipitationquality investigations in connection with
meteorologicalparametres at Lošinj island, the health resort area in
theNorthern Adriatic. The Lošinj island is a part of the Kvarner Bayarea,
situated in a rather complex terrain. Sources of pollutionon the island are
almost insignificant. The closest area fromwhich pollutants might come is
the Rijeka Bay, about 90 km to thenorth from Veli Lošinj (the only
measurement site). Rijeka is oneof the largest shipyard and harbour on the
Northern Adriatic withthe great number of pollution sources (oil refinery
and petroleumindustry, cokery, thermal power plant, local industrial
sources,heavy traffic, domestic heating). A series of 101
precipitationdaily samples for the period of June 1987-December 1989 has
beenanalyzed seasonally, with the purpose to find a possibledependence on
the prevailing weather types and connection withleading meteorological
variables. Seasonal and annual frequencydistributions of precipitation pH
values are shown, while eventswith pH<= 5 are particularly analyzed in
connection with weathertypes and prevailing winds that bring pollutants
from otherregions. 30-40% of rain have pH <= 5 in autumn and winter,
andeven 25% in summer. Pollutants could be brought to investigatedarea by
mainly two groups of winds: northerly and southerly.Generally, prevailing
winds on Lošinj island are from NNE withstrength of about 2 Beaufort's
(about 3 Beaufort's in winter). Indays with precipitation more common are
southerly orsoutheasterly winds with strength of about 3 to 4 Beaufort's.
Theconnection between pH value and corresponding precipitationamount shows
that lower pH values are in relation with higheramounts of precipitation,
but the correlation is significant on5% level only for spring.
Keywords: acid rain, precipitation amount, wind, weather types
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: A aLagrangian model of long-range transport of sulphur
- Authors:
- Klaić, Zvjezdana (26374)
Proceedings title: Proceedings 20th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and
Language: engleski
Place: Valencija, Španjolska
Year: 1993
Pages: from 467 to 468
Meeting: 20th International Meeting on Air Pollution Moddeling and its Application
Held: from 11/29/93 to 12/03/93
Summary: A Lagrangian receptor-oriented one-layer model has been
developedin order to simulate a synoptic scale transport of
airbornesulphur. Advective winds in trajectory calculations were based
onthe wind profile from radiosonde reports, taking an average overthe
ground based layer up to an 850 hPa level. Sulphur emissionswere taken from
EMEP inventory and they were assumed to varylinearly over the year, with
the maximum and minimum occuring inJanuary and July, respectively. Mixing
height, dry depositionvelocities, transformation rate of sulphur dioxide
and wetdeposition rates were assumed to vary diurnally, and they
wereestimated from routine synoptic observations, where 1/r2 spatialand
linear temporal interpolation techniques were employed. Themodel has so far
been applied at 19 receptor points in CentralEurope for the
01.11.1991.-30.04.1992. period. Daily and monthlymean concentrations for
both pollutants and dry and wetdepositions of sulphur accumulated during
each simulated monthwere calculated. In model application to real data
problems arosedue to incomplete input of meteorological and
measuredconcentration data.
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: The comparison of chemical composition of rainfalls at
meteorological stations Rijeka-Kozala and Zavižan on Velebit
- Authors:
- Eškinja, I.
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Šoljić, Z.
- Borovečki, Dunja
Proceedings title: Sinopsis - Abstracts
Language: hrvatski
Place: Zagreb
Year: 1993
Pages: from 192 to 192
Meeting: 13. skup hrvatskih kemičara, Second Symposium Ecologically rational development of chemical technologies
Held: from 02/08/93 to 02/11/93
Keywords: acid rains, deposition, pollution
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Chemical composition of rainfall pn the area of Zavižan,
Rijeka and Ogulin
- Authors:
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Eškinja, I.
- Borovečki, Dunja
- Vrhovac, Ante
Proceedings title: Sažeci izlaganja sa Stručno znanstvenog savjetovanja Eko usmjereni razvoj
Language: hrvatski
Place: Zagreb
Year: 1993
Pages: from 66 to 66
Meeting: Stručno znanstveno savjetovanje Eko usmjereni razvoj- Model četiri generacije
Held: from 06/09/93 to 06/12/93
Keywords: eco system, deposition, pollution, acid rain
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Chemism of acid rainfall on the area of National Park of
Plitvice lake
- Authors:
- Eškinja, I.
- Šojat, Višnja (70972)
- Vrhovac, Ante
Proceedings title: Sinopsisi-Abstracts 12. sastanak kemičara Hrvatske
Language: hrvatski
Place: Zagreb
Year: 1991
Pages: from 189 to 189
Meeting: 12. skup hrvatskih kemičara Symposium Ecologically rational development of chemical technologies
Held: from 02/11/91 to 02/15/91
Keywords: acid raind, long-range transport, eco-system
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Local background air pollution in response to coastal
circulation
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Proceedings title: 20th ITM on air pollution moddeling and its application
Language: engleski
Place: Valencija, Španjolska
Year: 1993
Pages: from 469 to 470
Meeting: 20th International Meeting on Air Pollution Moddeling and its Application
Held: from 11/29/93 to 12/03/93
Summary: A correlation between the wind velocity and
simultaneouspollutants concentrations at a given locality enables to
estimatea possible background pollution. A simple procedure has beenderived
which helps to find out the minimum concentrationcorresponding to
theoretical case when the wind velocityapproaches infinity. It is
applicable at any locality. Such aresearch was accompliched at Bakar Bay,
north Adriatic coast ofCroatia, for the simultaneous daily series of SO2
concentrationand wind velocity. It turned out that the minimum value of
SO2concentration which could not be cleaned away any longer
bymeteorological factors did not depend upon the change ofintensity of the
local sea breeze circulation and its dispersivepotentials. Still, when wind
direction were taken into account, adifferent role of distant and close
emissions upon the localbackground pollution could be detected.
Keywords: background pollution, similarity function, coastal circulation
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Sea and land breeze climatology along eastern Adriatic in
connection to IBL formation
- Authors:
- Šinik, Nadežda
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
Proceedings title: 19th ITM on air pollution moddeling and its application
Language: engleski
Place: Lerapetra, Grčka
Year: 1991
Pages: from 543 to 544
Meeting: 19th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Moddeling and its Application
Held: from 09/29/91 to 10/04/91
Keywords: sea breeze, air temperature, sea surface temperature, adiabatic cooling
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: A characteristic distribution of gradient wind over the
Adriatic sea
- Authors:
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Šinik, Nadežda
Proceedings title: 19th ITM on air pollution moddeling and its application
Language: engleski
Place: Atena, Gržka
Year: 1991
Pages: from 534 to 544
Meeting: 19th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Moddeling and its Application
Held: from 09/29/91 to 10/04/91
Summary: Gradient wind was determined from the distribution of
surfacepressure field, using Philip's nomogram. Since this method givesbest
results in cases of high pressure gradient, i.e. in thepresence of strong
currents, strong winds of a minimum durationof 4 hours were considered. The
intensity and duration of thesewinds were recorded by anemographs in the
Adriatic coastalstations of Senj and Split and at the island station of
Palagružabetween June 1971 and August 1975. A characteristic distributionof
gradient winds over the Adriatic sea, typical for thecorresponding surface
pressure distribution, was found. Ten typesof gradient flow were
determined.
Keywords: gradient flow types, surface air pressure
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in Croatia
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Editors
- Wisniewski, Joe
- Grennfelt, Peringe
- Rodhe, Henning
- Thornelof, Eva
Proceedings title: Acid Reign 95? Abstract Book
Language: engleski
Place: Goteborg, Švedska
Year: 1995
Pages: from 67 to 67
Meeting: 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition
Held: from 06/26/95 to 06/30/95
Summary: Atmospheric deposition is widely recognised as an important
global
environmental concern. The removal of atmospheric gases and particles by
precipitation is a major mechanism whereby emissions from natural and
anthropogenic sources are deposited on the Earth's surface. Since
precipitation is an
efficient scavenger of these materials, trends in precipitation chemistry
reflect changes
in the chemical climate of the atmosphere and in the exposure of various
ecosystems
to deposition. Therefore, the National Atmospheric Precipitation Chemistry
programme was initiated in 1978 and operated by Meteorological and
Hydrological
Service of Croatia to provide needed information on geographical patterns
and
temporal trends in precipitation chemistry in Croatia. To accomplish this,
a network of
about 20 stations, settled in different geographical regions, operates on a
daily basis
for 15 years now. Some monitoring stations are site- and study- specific;
others are
included in long-term, regional, or European monitoring networks (EMEP,
BAPMoN,
MEDPOL, GEMS). The purpose of this work was to summarise existing data from
the
whole network for the period 1981-1992 and to compare data from
measurements
with EMEP model calculations of acid deposition.
Keywords: precipitation chemistry, deposition
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Precipitation composition at GAW regional station Zavižan
(1981-1994)
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
Proceedings title: Extended abstracts of papers - GAW Environmental Report No. 107
Language: engleski
Place: Geneva, Švicarska
Year: 1995
Meeting: WMO-IGAC Conference on the Measurement and Assessment of Atmospheric Coposition Change
Held: from 10/09/95 to 10/15/95
Summary: Precipitation chemistry measurements play a substantial
role in defining the level of
acid deposition and the state of some important biogeochemical cycles of
the earth-
atmosphere system. Monitoring of the chemical composition of precipitation
in Croatia was ini-
tiated in late seventies, with the main purpose to provide information on
geographical patterns
and temporal trends in precipitation chemistry and to analyse impacts of
anthropogenic forcing
on the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
Monitoring network of about 20 stations operates since 1981 performing bulk
daily sampling.
Stations are located in suburban, urban and rural areas over the whole
country. Two stations
are included in the EMEP monitoring programme and GAW monitoring system
(Zavižan and
Puntijarka), three stations along the Adriatic coast take part in the MED
POL programme.
Measurement programme covers meteorological parameters and chemical
composition of
precipitation: acidity, electrical conductivity and major ion
concentrations. All data are analysed
and stored at central analytical laboratory at Meteorological and
Hydrological Service in Za-
greb.
Zavižan is a regional type station, located in a remote mountain range area
(1594 m above the
sea level) where no significant canges in land-use practices are taking
place or expected in
future. It is far more than 50 km from major populations and industrial
canters, highways and
major roads. Effects of natural phenomena such as forest fires or dust
storms are not experi-
enced at the site and it can be reasonably assumed that the ambient air at
the station is en-
tirely free of local pollution sources and contains only diluted vestiges
of chemical components
carried to the site by the long-range transport from sources located more
than 50 km away.
Surface meteorological observations at the site are carried out since 1953.
Chemical compo-
sition of precipitation and concentrations of reactive gas species -
sulphur and nitrogen dioxide
are measured on a daily basis since 1981. Spatial distribution of
precipitation quality meas-
urement sites is presented at Fig. 1.
The purpose of this work was to summarise and present data on precipitation
composition at
Zavižan for the period of observations 1981-1994. Data are analysed and
compared for sea-
sonal and annual volume weighted mean values. They are discussed in
connection with two
prevailing weather types that assemble more than 75 per cent of total
annual precipitation
amount. In addition, data are compared with regard to precipitation type
(rain and snow), since
more than 40 per cent of all precipitation is of snow origin and pertains
to the period from No-
vember to April.
Data analyses for 12 stations (marked at Fig. 1) for the period 1981-1992
indicate that
Zavižan exhibits the lowest volume weighted annual mean major ion
concentration values of
all sites (Vidič, 1995), which proves its position as a good one for the
purpose of monitoring of
influences on a regional scales. Annual courses of sulphur and nitrogen
compounds at 12 se-
lected stations are presented at Fig. 2 and markedly show not only the
lowest values at
Zavižan, but also the lowest annual variations for those compounds over the
period 1981-
1992. At the same time number of days with precipitation and the total
annual precipitation
amount is the highest one for the whole territory of Croatia.
Keywords: precipitation chemistry, weather types, precipitation types
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Temporal changes of precipitation chemistry in the
forested part of Croatia
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
Proceedings title: Extended abstracts of papers - GAW Environmental report No. 107
Language: engleski
Place: Geneva, Švicarska
Year: 1995
Meeting: WMO-IGAC Conference on the Measurement and Assessment of Atmospheric Coposition Change
Held: from 10/09/95 to 10/15/95
Keywords: precipitation chemistry, weather types
- Type of paper
: M.A.
Title: The Adriatic bora and hydraulic flow over the mountain
Faculty: Prirodoslovno matematički Zagreb
Author: VUČETIĆ VIŠNJICA
Date of defense: 11/06/91
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 130
Summary: The vertical atmospheric structure was analyzed in 6
situationswith severe bora of V > 17.0 m/s in the period 1959-1963 on the
basis of radiosounding data in Split. In addition to data fromZagreb,
aerological data from Belgrade were used for studying thebora layer. The
measurements in Split made possible a comparisonof theoretical results,
obtained by the application of thehydraulic theory, and observations. It is
shown that duringsevere bora on the mid-Adriatic, besides surface or
elevatedinversions, one or two upper-level inversions were reflected inthe
upstream region. These inversions separate the higher andlower atmospheric
air flow and make the lower fluid behaveaccording to the hydraulic law. The
data support the samemechanism for severe bora generation and its
continuance inquasi-stationary situations on the northern and
mid-Adriatic.Severe bora on the mid-Adriatic, where the broad and high
Dinaricmountain range opposes the upstream flow, is connected to a
thickbora layer above Zagreb (H = 2.8 km) within which a strong NE airflow
occurs (U = 12.1 m/s). The upper boundary of this layersplits over the
mountain (Split H = 1.8 km with U = 9.1 m/s) inagreement with the modelling
assumption but it was also foundthat this isentropic layer descends to the
east toward Belgrade(H = 2.3 km with U = 7.3 m/s) which can not be accepted
intwo-dimensional models. Thus, although the application of thehydraulic
theory with small variations of surface bora intensitysuccesfully estimated
the maximum bora velocity and thedownstream bora layer height, analyses
show that thetwo-dimensional hydraulic theory could not completely
oexplaine athree-dimensional bora structure which was carried out
analysingaerological data from Zagreb, Belgrade and Split. It is shownthat
the upstream structure of the lower troposphere overBelgrade does not
always indicate a NE flow perpendicular to the mountain range, as the
usual case is in the northern Adriatic(Zagreb). An anticyclonic relative
vorticity field prevails inthe bora layer along the steeply sloping
isentropic level towardthe Adriatic, appears over the western part of
Yugoslavia andconvergence fieldover its eastern part. This is obviously a
signof a three-dimensional upstream structure in the mid-Adriaticbora flow.
Consequently, this analysis emphasizes, the spacialand temporal variations
of wind field and stability during boraoccurrence not only along the NE
bora flow, but alsoperpendicular to this flow in the upstream area. This
study,therefore, concludes that a complete picture of the borastructure and
consequently its dynamics can only be achieved byapplying three-dimensional
models and the corresponding wind andtemperature fields.
Keywords: Hydraulic theory, severe bora
- Type of paper
: M.A.
Title: A two layer scalar model for pollutant dispersion in urban
conditions
Faculty: Prirodoslovno matematički Zagreb
Author: GRČIĆ MARINA
Date of defense: 11/21/90
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 116
- Type of paper
: Survey/Study
Title: Meteorological and climatological conditions at Molve area
- Authors:
- Bajić, Alica (95224)
- Gajić-Čapka, Marjana
- Marki, Anton (180825)
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Vučetić, Višnjica (111321)
- Zaninović, Ksenija
Ordering party: Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada
Institution depot: Državni hidrometeorološki zavod
Year: 1991
Number of pages: 259
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Survey/Study
Title: Ecological Project Zagreb
- Authors:
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Đuričić, Vesna (84345)
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
- Cvitan, Lidija (11480)
- Marki, Anton (180825)
- Žibrat, Zvonko
Ordering party: EKONERG, d.o.o. za istraživačko razvojne usluge, konzalting i inženjering u području energetike i zaštite okoliša
Institution depot: Državni hidrometeorološki zavod
Year: 1992
Number of pages: 59
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Survey/Study
Title: Climatological, bioclimatological and dispersional
characteristics of Senj region
- Authors:
- Gajić-Čapka, Marjana
- Zaninović, Ksenija
- Lončar, Edita (26304)
Ordering party: Općina Senj
Institution depot: Državni hidrometeorološki zavod
Year: 1993
Number of pages: 105
Language: hrvatski
- Type of paper
: Project
Title: Global monitoring of atmospheric pollution in Croatia
- Authors:
- Jelavić, Vladimir
- Vidič, Sonja (17396)
- Prpić, Branimir
- Vrhovac, Ante
- Stojak, Veseljko
Ordering party: Ministarstvo graditeljstva i zaštite okoliša
Institution depot: Državni hidrometeorološki zavod
Year: 1992
Number of pages: 58
Language: hrvatski
