Published papers on project 3-01-159

• Paper in journal 12
  
• Paper in proceedings 4
  
• Summary in proceedings 30
  
• M.A. 3
  
• Mentorship 4
  

1. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: THE INFLUENCE OF 5-HYDROXYTRIPTAMINE AND HISTAMINE ON ISOLATED BOVINE IRIS MUSCLE
   

   Authors:

   Simonić, Ante (43202)

   Župan, Gordana (142160)

   Journal: Medicina
   Number: 0
   ISSN: 6152-281
   Volume: 28
   Year: 1992
   Pages: from 147 to 149
   Number of references: 28
   Language: hrvatski
   Summary: Embryogenesis of the eye is connected with the development ofthe nervous system. In the body only musculus (m.) sphincter andm. dilatator pupillae are the muscles of the ectodermal origin.5.hidroxytriptamine (5-HT) and histamine have a neurotransmitorrole in central nerovus system. We examined their influence onisotonic contraction of isolated bovine iris and the presence ofreceptors for 5-HT and histamine in the tested organ. Theisolated bovine iris was kept in well oxygeneted KrebsHenseleit's solution at the temperature of 37oC. Changes in thelenght of isolaed bovine iris were examined after its exposureto different concentrations of 5-HT, histamine, cyproheptadine,tolazoline, propranolol, promethazine and ranitidine. The iriswas isotonicaly contracted by 5-HT and histamine. The 5-HT effectwas only partilly connected with 5-HT receptors stimulation. Thehistamine efect was predominantly the result of H1 receptorsstimulation, and, to a lesser extent, of H2 receptorsstimulation.
   Keywords: Iris, 5-hidroxytriptamine, histamine
   

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2. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: THE INFLUENCE OF PASSIVE MOTION ON CARTILAGE RESURFACING IN THE RABBIT KNEE
   

   Authors:

   Nemec, Boris

   Paučić-Kirinčić, Ela

   Atanacković, Dimitrije

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Matovinović, Damir

   Bojanić, Ivan

   Journal: Orthopedia et traumatologia
   Number: 2
   ISSN: 0353-9040
   Volume: 23
   Year: 1992
   Pages: from 65 to 69
   Number of references: 18
   Language: engleski
   Summary: In this paper the results of th experimental study of theinfluence of continous passive motion of the knee on thearticular cartilage resurfacing are reported. The experiment wasperforemd on 48 grown up rabbits of both sexes. The lesion ofthe knee cartilage were inflicted with Kirschner wire After theinfliction of the lesions on half of the animals were housed incages, while the other half of the knees were passively moved bymeans of a specially constructed apparatus for a period of 12hours per day. The macroscopic and microscopis evaluation of therepaired tissue was done at the end of the 1st 2nd 3rd 4th and10th week after the operation. The macroscopis analysis revealedthat the cartilage defects made with Kirschner wire in theanimals remaining in their cages were completely filled withnewly formed tissue by the end of the 4th week. The cartilagedefects in the animals with everyday passive motion were filledwith newly formed tissue earlier i.e. within two weeks after theoperation. The microscopic analysis of the defect of articular cartilageshowed an evident difference between the two experimental groupsin the quality of regeneration/reparation. The resufacing of thecartilage in animals with passive motion after the operation wasmore through and the tissue was, for the most part, filled withelements of hyalline-like cartilage. The results of this study confirmed the importance of continuouspassive motion of the knee for the time and quality of thearticular cartilage resurfacing.
   Keywords: Articular cartilage, knee, continous passive motion, regeneration/reparation
   

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3. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICAL PLANT FROM GLAGOLITIC MEDICAL RECEPIE
   

   Authors:

   Ružić, Viktor

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Journal: Acta Fac med. Flum
   Number: 1
   ISSN: 0065-1206
   Volume: 18
   Year: 1993
   Pages: from 5 to 9
   Number of references: 23
   Language: hrvatski
   Summary: The medical plant proposed in the old medical instructions fromthe 15th century is discussed. The old text was written in theoldest slavic writing - glagolitic writing. The name of themedical plant was written in the horizontal lgature form. Thename of the plant is obsolethe, but clear enough to allowethymological idenfication. Since the Croatina language, as allthe other Slavic languages is very rich in botanical nomenclaturemany other synonyms are also discussed. The name of the plant isCentaurium erythraea (Gentianaceae). It can be found inpharmacopaeas of many countries.
   Keywords: Glagolitic, writing, history, centaurium erythraea.
   

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4. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: INFLUENCE OF PHYSOSTIGMINE, ARECOLINE, NEOSTIGMINE AND ATROPINE ON WATER INTAKE IN THIRSTY RATS
   

   Authors:

   Stamenković, Mile

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Atanacković, Dimitrije

   Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
   Number: 1
   ISSN: 0065-1206
   Volume: 16
   Year: 1991
   Pages: from 13 to 18
   Number of references: 31
   Language: hrvatski
   Summary: Influence of intraperitoneally injected physostigmine, arecoline,neostigmine and atropine on water consumption in rats after 48hours of water and food deprivation was examined. Water intakewas stimulated by enhancement of the cholinergicneurotransmission activity in the central nervous system.Analogues to that, supression of the mentioned activity resultedin hypodipsia. The actvitiy of peripheral cholinergicneurotransmission system probably has no significant influence onthe process of thirst.
   Keywords: Physostigmine, arecoline, neostigmine, atropine, thirst, rats
   

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5. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: THE EFFECT OF AMLODIPINE ON PASSIVE AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOUR IN INTACT OR HYPOXIA-EXPOSED RATS
   

   Authors:

   Župan, Gordana (142160)

   Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
   Number: 1
   ISSN: 0065-1206
   Volume: 18
   Year: 1993
   Pages: from 25 to 31
   Number of references: 23
   Language: hrvatski
   Summary: The influence of calcium channel blocker amlodipine, on thelearning ability in intact rats and hypoxia-exposed rats has beenexamined. The cognitive activities of the experimental animalswere examined in the passive avoidance task during fourconsecutive days. Various dose (0,03, 0,1, 03 or 1 mg/kg) ofamlodipine were injected on the first training day, thirtyminutes before the training session started. A part of animalswas exposed to controlled hypoxic conditions immediatelly afterthe training procedure. The avoidance time in relation to thetotal testing time was measured. The results indicate thathypoxia strongly impairs the learning abilities in rats. Theadministration of amlodipine does not influence the passiveavoidance behaviour in intact rats. On the contrary, all testeddoses of amlodipine improved the learning ability in the ratswhose cognitive deficiency was caused by hypoxia. It has alsobeen found that the effects of the substance examined are dosedependent.
   Keywords: Cerebral hypoxia, learning, amlodipine, rats
   

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6. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: EFFECTS OF NIACRDIPINE, FELODIPINE AND NIFEDIPINE ON PASSIVE AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR OF INTACT AND HYPOXIA-EXPOSED RATS
   

   Authors:

   Župan, Gordana (142160)

   Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Journal: Arch int Pharmacodyn Ther
   Number: 1
   ISSN: 0003-9780
   Volume: 325
   Year: 1993
   Pages: from 61 to 69
   Number of references: 26
   Language: engleski
   Summary: The effect ov various doses (0,03, 0,1, 0,3 or 1 mg/kg) of thecalcium channel blockers nicardipine, felodipine and nifedipineon the learning ability in intact rats and on hypoxia-inducedretention deficits were examined. All animals were trained in apassive avoidance procedure. The drugs tested had been injected30 minutes before the learning trial started. Some animals wereexposed to a hypoxic condition immediately after the learningtrial repsonse had been acquired. A passive avoidance retentiontest was peformed 24 hours later. It was found that hypoxia stronlgy impaired the retention of thepassive avoidance response. Nicardipine, felodipine andnifedipine did not influence the passive avoidance behavior inthe intact animals, but significantly improved the retentiondeficits in the animals exposed ot hypoxia. The effects of thesubstances tested were dose-dependent. These findings support thehypothesis that perturbations in calcium homeostasis cancontribute to the memory deficits associated with hypoxicconditions.
   Keywords: Nicardipine, felodipine, nifedipine, cerebral hypoxia, passive avoidance, rats
   

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7. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
   

   Authors:

   Simonić, Ante (43222)

   Vrhovac, Božidar

   Journal: Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther.Toxicol.
   Number: 6
   ISSN: 0174-4879
   Volume: 31
   Year: 1993
   Pages: from 301 to 308
   Number of references: 20
   Language: engleski
   Summary: The current status of clinical pharmacology (CP) in the countriesof the former Eastern block is presented. The difficulties inobtaining an accurate comparative view are pointed out. CP isunevenly developed in Eastern European countries and the numberof hours devoted to basic/clinical pharmacology differsconsiderably 100/nil to 240/50. The same is true for theorientation of clinical pharmacology, where present. It is mainlybasic in only a few countries (Romania, Turkey, some parts of theformer Yugoslavia) and mainly clinical in Czecho-Slovakia,Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Greece. The number of CP units and CPspecialists varies greatly as well (from none to more than 10 percountry). The awareness that CP, in many countries is still youngand the branch of (clinical) medicine is of great importance, notonly for rational pharmacotherapy but also for other services aswell, education and research is growing. In spite of the factthat the present status of CP in Eastern European countries isgenerally unsatisfactory, there are realistic chances that in the(near?) future, CP will develop to match the activities nowpresent in the more developed countries.
   Keywords: Clinical pharmacology, Eastern European countries, rational pharmacotherapy
   

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8. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title: ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION
   

   Authors:

   Sanger, David J.

   Živković, Branimir (55736)

   Journal: Neurobiology, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives
   Volume: 232
   Year: 1993
   Pages: from 119 to 128
   Number of references: 46
   Language: engleski
   Summary: Benzodiazepines can produce anterograde amnesia although theextent to which this creates a significant problem for theclinical use of these drugs as anxiolytics is unclear. In theanimal labotaroty benzodiazepines disrupt the acquisition ofpassive avoidance. Recent studies of BZ receptor partial agonistssuggest that, whereas some of these agents produce similardisruptions of learning, others do not. The BZ1 (U 1) selectivedrugs zolpidem and alpidem also affect learning but only atsedative doses.
   Keywords: Passive avoidance, scopolamine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, triazolam, zolpidem, alpidem.
   

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9. Type of paper: Paper in journal
   

   Title:
   

   Authors:

   Župan, Gordana (142160)

   Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
   ISSN: 0065-1206
   Volume: 16
   Year: 1991
   Pages: from 7 to 12
   Language: hrvatski
   Summary: The paper is dealing with the influence of dihydroergotoxine onthe passive avoidance behaviour in rats with bilateralelectrolytic lesions of the nucleus basalis. The mentioned basalforebrain structure lesions result in deficit of the cognitiveactivities. Dihydroergotoxine administered intraperitoneally indoses of 4,9*10-9 mol*kg-1 or 4,9*10-8 mol*kg-1 improved passiveavoidance in lesioned animals. In doses of 4,9*10-7 mol*kg-1 or4,9*10-6 mol*kg-1 did not change and in dose of 2,45*10-5mol*kg-1 impaired the avoidance ability in lesioned rats. Theconclusion is that the effect of dihydroergotoxine isdose-dependent in this experimental model.
   Keywords: nucleus basalis, dihydroergotoxine, learning, rats
   

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10. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
    ISSN: 0065-1206
    Volume: 18
    Year: 1993
    Pages: from 25 to 31
    Language: hrvatski
    

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11. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    ERAKOVIĆ, VESNA

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Jasna

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
    ISSN: 0065-1206
    Volume: 19
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 19 to 22
    Language: engleski
    Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nicardipine, on the brain free fatty acids (FFAS) level in chemically induced seizures in rats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats. Animals were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Each of them received an injection of penicillin (5000 U/ml) into the left lateral ventricle.Various doses of nicardipine (1; 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.p.)had been injected 30 minutes before the penicillin application. The rats were decapitated five minutes after the occurrence of epileptic seizures.FFAs were quantified by gas chromatography using the internal standard method. The results demonstrate that: a) i.c.v. injection of penicillin produced significant increase in the brain FFAs concentration, and b) nicardipine, in the tested doses, did not prevent with statistical significance the accumulation of the brain FFAs in the rats with penicillin-induced seizures.
    Keywords: epilepsy, brain, free fatty acids, nicardipine
    

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12. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Mladen

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
    ISSN: 0065-1206
    Volume: 19
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 13 to 18
    Language: engleski
    Summary: The purpose of this study was to record EEG activity and the behavioral pattern changes after an intrahippocampal kainic acid administration. The rats were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Surface screw electrodes were placed over the frontal and parietal cortex. Kainic acid was administered into the left dorsal hippocampus. The EEG activity was recorded in a basal conditions and 5,10,15,30 and 60 minutes after the kainic acid application.During this period complex behavioral pattern was also observed. EEG samples were digitized and subjected to computerized frequency analysis. The kainic acid-induced excitatory changes in EEG activity were followed by complex behavioral syndrome that lasted for several hours. It has been concluded that intrahippocampal injection of kainate may be useful experimental model for investigations of partial seizures with complex simptomatology (temporal lobe seizure disorders).
    Keywords: kainic acid, epileptic seizures, EEG, frequency analysis, rat
    

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13. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Tomac, Jelena

    Pernjak-Pugel, Ester

    Eraković, Vesna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Batistić, Berislav

    Journal: Acta Fac med Flum
    ISSN: 0065-1206
    Volume: 19
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 23 to 25
    Language: engleski
    Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the epileptic seizures on the structural integrity of the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. The epileptic seizures were induced by the injections of benzylpenicillin or kainic acid into the left cerebral ventricle. The administration of these substances produced statistically significant decrease in the number of the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region. Epileptic seizures induced by the penicillin or kainic acid intracerebroventricular application caused also the structural changes in the pyramidal cells in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Namely, a slight decrease in eosinophilic staining intensity of the shrunken cytoplasma associated with darkly staining shrunken nucleus was clearly observed in these neurons.
    Keywords: epilepsy, hippocampus, rat
    

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14. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Journal: Neurologia Croatia
    ISSN: 0353-8842
    Volume: 43
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 233 to 240
    Language: engleski
    Summary: The influence of piracetam and oxiracetam on passive avoidance behavior in intact and hypoxia-exposed rats was examined. Various doses of the drugs tested were injected 60 minutes before the learning trial. Some of the animals were exposed to controlled hypoxic conditions immediately after the learning trial response had been acquired. Twenty four hours later, the passive avoidance retention test was performed. Hypoxia was found to cause a statistically significant impairment in the retention of passive avoidance response. Piracetam and oxyracetam did not influence passive avoidance behavior in intact animals. On the contrary, all tested doses of the substances examined significantly improved the learning ability in the rats in which cognitive deficiency was caused by hypoxia. It was also found that the effects of the drugs tested were dose-dependent.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, nootropics, passive avoidance behavior, rat
    

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15. Type of paper: Paper in journal
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Pernjak-Pugel, Ester

    Tomac, Jelena

    Batistić, Berislav

    Journal: Periodicum Biologorum
    ISSN: 0031-5362
    Volume: 96
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 135 to 136
    Language: engleski
    Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hypoxia/ischemia on the integrity of the hippocampal neurons of the CA1 region.The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing 250 g. One group of animals was subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia.In the second group of animals the right common carotid artery was occluded and a unilateral cerebral ischemia was produced. The animals of the third group were subjected to the right common carotid artery occlusion, allowed to recover for two hours and then exposed to the hypoxia procedure. In the last group of the animals diffuse forebrain ischemia was induced by four vessel occlusion procedure described ba Pulsinelli and Brierley.Seven days after the described experimental procedures the brains were perfused transcardially with 10% formalin, removed, postfixed, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Coronal sections, 6 um thick, were deparaffinated, stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and Cresyl violet. They were examined by light miscroscope and the neuronal damage in the hippacampus was evaluated by the neuronal density of the CA1 subfield, that is the number of the CA1 neurons per 1 mm linear lenght of the stratum pyramidale. It has been found that cerebral hypoxia did not produce any significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region. In contrast, a statistically significant decrease in the number of the pyramidal cells occured in the animals exposed to unilateral caritid occlusin or unilateral carotid occlusion plus hypoxia or four vessel occlusion.In conclussion, our results clearly show that the CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus are highly susceptible to cerebral ischemic insult.
    Keywords: hypoxia, ischemia, hippocampus, rat
    

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16. Type of paper: Paper in proceedings
    

    Title: INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM AND ADRENALINE ON THE TONUS OF ISOLATED AORTA STRIPS IN NICARDITIPNE PRETREATED RABBITS
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Jasna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Editors

    Bulat, Marin

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Klarica, Marijan

    Kunec-Vajić, Estera

    Lacković, Zdravko

    Zdilar, Darko

    Proceedings title: Pharmacological Communications
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 953-96081-0-4
    Pages: from 206 to 208
    Meeting: The First Croatian Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/93 to 10/08/93
    Summary: Rabbits chronically (8 days) treated with nicardipine (0,1; 0,3and 1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (propylene glycol + etanol 50:50),weighing 2-3 kg were used. Descending aorta was excised, cut intospiral strips and suspended in Krebs solution. K+ and adrenaline produced dose-related contraction in vehicle ornicardipine pretreated animals. All tested doses of nicardipinein statistically significant manner diminished contractileresponse of aorta strips K+. Adrenaline - inducedvasoconstriction of the isolated organ was diminished instatistically significant manner only in the animals pretreatedwith 1.0 mg/kg of nicardipine.
    Keywords: Nicardipine, potassium, adrenaline, muscle tonus, rabbit, aorta strips
    

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17. Type of paper: Paper in proceedings
    

    Title: THE EFFECTS OF FELODIPINE AND AMLODIPINE ON HYPOXIA-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THE RAT
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Editors

    Bulat, Marin

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Klarica, Marijan

    Kunec-Vajić, Estera

    Lacković, Zdravko

    Zdilar, Darko

    Proceedings title: Pharmacological Communications
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 953-96081-0-4
    Pages: from 136 to 138
    Meeting: The First Croatian Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/93 to 10/08/93
    Summary: Cerebral hypoxia causes various functional distrubances anddamage of neurons. One of the major mechanisms involved inhypoxic cell destruction is the intracellular accumulation ofcalcium ions through the "L" type of voltage sensitive calciumchannels. The calcium channel blockers are pharmacological agentswith specific inhibitory effect on calcium channels. Amog them,dihydropyridine (DHP) are considered as the most potent.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate theeffects of DHP calcium channel blockers, felodipine andamlodipine, on passive avoidance in hypoxia-exposed rats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats, weighing200-250 g. various doses of felodipine and amlodipine (0.03; 0.1;0,3; 1.0 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally. Thirty minuteslater the passive avoidance task was performed according to thestep-through procedure modified by Jarvik and Kopp (1967).Namely, on the first training day the rats were trained to escapethe punishment in the step-through passive avoidance task.Immediately after the training trial the animals were subjectedto a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia. Rats were placed intohypoxia cage and the percentage of oxygen was gradually reducedand continously measured. The level of 3.5V% of oxygen wasreached in about twenty minutes and maintained up to the lost ofrighting reflex. Twenty four hours later passive avoidanceretention was tested by using mentioned step-through procedure. The results are presented as the step-through latencies of thelearning and retention trials expressed in percentages of thetotal training time (3 min=100%). Statistical significance wascalculated according to the one way analysis of variance followedby Duncan's test of multiple variance (p _ 0.05). Our results clearly showed that hypoxia caused statisticallysignificant impairment of the passive avoidance behavior asdemonstrated by the shortening in the step-through latencies ofthe retention trials shown in Table 1. It is also evident thatvehicle administration had no significant influence upon thepassive avoidance behvaior in the hypoxic animals.
    Keywords: Hypoxia, calcium channel blockers, memory, rat
    

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18. Type of paper: Paper in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Eraković, Vesna

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Editors

    Bulat, Marin

    Jernej, Branimir

    Klarica, Marijan

    Kunec-Vajić, Estera

    Lacković, Zdravko

    Zdilar, Darko

    Proceedings title: PHARMACOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    Pages: from 139 to 141
    Meeting: The First Croatian Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/93 to 10/08/93
    Summary: Accumulation of the free fatty acids (FFAs), particularlyarachidonic acid,in the brain in ischemic conditions is a resultof their liberation from membrane phospholipids. That process ismediated by phospholipases which could be stimulated by increaseof intracellular Ca 2+ concentration.The aim of this study was toinvestigate the effect of nimodipine, calcium channel blocker, onthe brain free arachidonic acid (FAA) level in hypoxia-exposedrats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing250 g. The animals of the control group were intact, drug naive.All other animals were subjected to a period of oxygendeprivation hypoxia up to the lost of the righting reflex.Immediately or 5 minutes, or 15 minutes or 60 minutes afterloosing the mentioned reflex rats were decapitated, brains werequickly removed and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. One group ofthe animals received 1 mg/kg nimodipine i.p. 30 minutes beforeexposure to hypoxia. Other animals were injected with vehiclesolution (propylene glycol and ethanol, 50:50, V/V). The rats ofboth mentioned groups were decapitated 15 minutes after loosingthe rigting reflex. Lipid extracts prepared from frozen brainswere separated by thin-layer chromatography. FFAs methyl esterswere prepared by methanolysis and quanified by gaschromatography. Our results clearly demonstrated that cerebralhypoxia induced progressive increase in the brain FAA content.Maximal level of the FAA was detected 15 minutes after cerebralhypoxia had been obtained. The decrease in the level of mentionedfatty acid was observed 60 minutes after hypoxia procedure.Administration of 1 mg/kg of nimodipine prevented theaccumulation of the brain FFA caused by hypoxia. Namely, in thepresence of nimodipine level of mentioned FFA in the brain ofhypoxia-exposed rats was significantly lower in relation to thehypoxic drug naive or hypoxic vehicle-treated animals. Thecontent of the FAA did not differ significantly between theanimals of the control group and hypoxic nimodipine-treated rats.In conclusion, our results demonstrated that nimodipine preventedthe hypoxia-induced release of the brain FFA. It may beassumed that on the basis of this mechanism,tested calciumchannel blocker may protect the central nervous system againsthypoxia-induced damage.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, free fatty acids, arachidonic acid, nimodipine,brain, rat
    

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19. Type of paper: Paper in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Jasna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Editors

    Bulat, Marin

    Jernej, Branimir

    Klarica, Marijan

    Kunec-Vajić, Estera

    Lacković, Zdravko

    Zdilar, Darko

    Proceedings title: PHARMACOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    Pages: from 133 to 135
    Meeting: The First Croatian Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/93 to 10/08/93
    Summary: influx of Ca 2+ into the neurons of the central nervous system isthe first step in the generation of epileptic events. Inhibitionof Ca 2+ may contribute to the therapeutic action of someanticonvulsants. Ca 2+ channel blockers have been reported tohave anticonvulsant activity in certain experimental seizuresmodels and in some clinical settings. The aim of the study was toinvestigate whether nimodipine has some anticonvulsant activityin simple partial seizure activity caused by focal applicationof penicillin. Experiments were performed on adult Wistar ratsweighing 200-250 g. The animals were divided into 5 groups,anesthetized with chloralhydrate (300 mg/kg) and placed in astereotaxic apparatus. After a midline incision four holes weredrilled and single electrodes were screwed into the skull overthe frontal and parietal cortex of each hemisphere. The rats ofthe control group 1 were drug naive. Other animals receivedinjection of saline (2ul) (control group 2), or benzyl-penicillin(2000 U/2ul) into the left motorcortex. In penicillin-treatedanimals the plastic cannula was placed into the left lateralventricle and cemented to the skull. The rats of the controlgroup 3 received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection ofvehicle solution. Other animals were ICV injected with nimodipine(100 ug/ul). After described procedure had been done the animalswere placed in a grounded metal box and connected via flexible wire to the electroencephalograph. The EEG was recorded and grossbehaviour was observed. Administration of penicillin into theleft motorcortex induced the spikes appearence predominantely inthe region of the frontal cortex and ipsilateral parietal cortex.Focal seizure activity appeared 3-5 min after drug administrationand lasted for hours. After the seizure focus had beenestablished, it generated the appearence of the epileptic spikesat irregular intervals (0.5-5.0 s). They had amplitude of 0.5 toabout 2.0 mV and duration of 50-150 ms. ICV administration ofnimodipine in penicillin-treated animals caused supression offocal seizure activity. The first ICV injection of nimodipinecaused a significant decrease in the frequency and in the voltageof the cortical spikes. After repeated drug application focalepileptic discharge was completely abolished.The results of ourexperiment clearly demonstrate that nimodipine possesses certainanticonvulsant action in penicillin-induced focal seizuresactivity in rats.
    Keywords: penicillin, epileptic discharge, nimodipine, rat
    

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20. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS NIMODIPINE, NIFEDIPINE AND AMLODIPINE ON PASSIVE AVOIDANCE IN HYPOXIA EXPOSED RATS
    

    Authors:

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Editors

    Scatton, B.

    Proceedings title: European Neuropsychopharmacology vol/1/3
    Language: engleski
    Place: Amsterdam, Njemačka
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 0924-977X
    Pages: from 407 to 0
    Meeting: IV Congress of the Europena College of Neurophsyhcopharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/91 to 10/09/91
    Summary: Cerebral hypoxia various functional distrubances and damage ofneurons in central nervous sustem. Among the theories of explainneuronal damage due to hypoxia, one of the most widely consideredis the intracellular accumulation of calcium ions. One of themajor mechanism for regulating calcium entry into the cells isthrough the "L" type of voltage sensitive calcium channels. Thesecannels can be modulated by various drugs that have been claimedto cinteract the distrubances in calcium homeostasis and preventmassive influx of calcium ions. Among them dihydropyridines (DHP)are considered as the most potent. Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy was investigate the effects of various types of DHP onpassive avoidance in hypoxia exposed rats. The study was carried out on Hannover Wistar rats weighing 250 g.The passive avoidance task was performed according to themodified procedure of Jarvik and Kopp (1967). On the firsttraining day the rats were trained to escape the punishement instep-through passive avoidance task. Immediatly after thetraining trial the animals were subjected a period of oxygendeprivation hypoxia. Passive avoidance retention was testedtwenty-four hours later. The behaviour hypoxia exposured ratsunder the influence of drugs was measured. The controlanimals received vehicle solution an other were pretreated withvarious doses (0,03; 0,1; 1,0 mg/kg) of nimodipine, nifedipineand amlodipine itnraperitoneally, 30 minutes before the first daytraining session. The results of our experiments show that hypoxia stronglyimpaired the passive avodiance behaviour in the rat. Namaly,retest latencies in hypoxia exposured rats were sifgnificantlylower than those of the control animal. Nimodipine, nifedipineand amlodipine administration increased the passive avoidance inhypoxia exposed rat. Statisticaly significant effects wereproduced by all tested doses of nimodipine and amlodipine and bynifedipine was doses of 0,1; 0,3 and 1,0 mg/kg. It has also beenfound that the effects of nimodipine were dose dependent.
    Keywords: Cerebral hypoxia, memory, nimodipine, amlodipine, nifedipine, rat.
    

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21. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: DIHYDROPYRIDINE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS AND MOTOR ACTIVITY OF SPINAL CORD INJURED RABBITS
    

    Authors:

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Nemec, Boris

    Editors

    Springer International,

    Proceedings title: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology vol 346
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1992
    ISBN/ISSN: 3-540-19309-X
    Pages: from 22 to 0
    Meeting: IV Congress of the Europena College of Neurophsyhcopharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/92 to 10/09/92
    Summary: Spinal cord injury often results in death or irreversible motorand sensory deficit. These injuries are an inportant medical andsocial problem and there is no effective therapy of spinal cordtruamatised person. Nerve tissue damage is associated withaccumulation of calcium in the cell. The study was carried out on adult rabbits of 2,5-3,5 kg bodyweight. Medial dorsal thoracolumbal laminectomy was done. Spinalcord injury was caused by a strike of 15,0.10 Jouls, provokinga spontaneously irreversible paraplegy. The animals got firstdose of calcium channel blockers immediately after trauma andwere receiving the same drug during the next nine postoperativedays. Calcium antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine and nimodipine wereinjected i.v., once per day in several dose (0,1; 0,3; 1,0 mg.kg). or twice a day (0,5 mg.kg ). In the course of the sameperiod hind limbs motor activity was controled daily inaccordance with Tarlov's system. All tested drugs in higher doses (0,3; 2x0,5 mg/kg; 1,0 mg.kg ), significantly diminished motor deficit in comparison with thecontusioned animals receiving no substance or propilen glycol.
    Keywords: Spinal cord injury, calcium channel blockers, rabbits
    

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22. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: VULNERABILITY OF THE VA1 - SUBFIELD OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN HYPOXIC AND ISHEMIC CONDITIONS IN RATS
    

    Authors:

    Pernjak-Pugel, Ester

    Tomac, Jelena

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Atanacković, Dimitrije

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: Under the Auspices of the Government of the Republic of Croatia
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    Pages: from 53 to 0
    Meeting: 16. Alps Adria meeting of Anatomists
    Held: from 05/20/93 to 05/23/93
    Summary: The brain has a high metabolic rate, but low oxygen stores andsmall reserves of high-energy phosphates and carbohydrates.Therefore, it is very sensitive to hypoxias and ischemia, thatconstitute important, basic pathopysiological mechanisms of braindamage. It is well document that selective vulnerability ofvarious brain regions exists in hypoxic or ischemic conditons.Moreover, recent reports strongly suggest that hippocampalpyramidal neurons of the CA1 subfield are extremly vulnerabile tohypoxia/ischemia, that often results in irreversibile damage andneuronal death. The purpose of this study was to investigate theinfluence of hypoxia/ischemia on the integrity of the hipoocampalneurosn of CA1 region. The study was carried out Hannover-Wistar rats, weighing 250 g.One group of the animals was subjected to a period of oxygendeprivation hypoxia. Namely, the rats were placed into thehypoxia cage and the percentage of oxygen was gradually reducedand continiously measured. The level of 3.5 V% of oxygen wasreached in about twenty minutes and maintained up to the lost ofrighting reflex. The second group of the animals was anesthetizedwith pentobarbitalsodium (50 mg/kg , i.p.). Right common carotidartery was occluded and unilateral cerebral ischemia was produce.Seven day after described experimental procedures the brains wereperfused transcardially with 10% formalin under pentobarbitalanesthesia, according to the technique of Wolf (1971). Theremoved brains were postfixed, dehydrated and embedded inparafin using standard procedures. Coronal sections, 6 um thick,were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. The number of neuronsper 1 mm linear lenght stratum pyramidale (neuronal density) ofthe hippocampal CA1 subfield was counted and compared with theresults of the control group (intact animals). The preliminary results of our study show that hypoxia does notinfluence, but unilateral occlusion of common carotid arteryproduces statistically significant decrease in pyramidal cellsdenstiy of CA1 hippocampal region.
    Keywords: Hypoxia, ischemia, hippocampus, rat
    

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23. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: EKSPERIMENTAL MODELS OF CEREBRAL HYPOXIA/ISCHEMIA
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Križ, Mladen

    Križ, Jasna

    Editors

    Peršić, Mladen

    Proceedings title: PAEDIATRIA CROATICA, supp. 1
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 1330-1403
    Pages: from 1 to 76
    Meeting: I Kongres hrvatskog pedijatrijskog društva
    Held: from 09/29/93 to 09/02/93
    Summary: Cerebral hypoxia/ishemia are characterized with variousbiochemical and functional disturbances. They are presented innumerous clinical syndromes and diseases (perinatalencephalopathy, head trauma etc.). The aim of our study was tostandardize models of hypoxia/ischemia in order to investigatecerebroprotective effects of numerous drugs. The experiments werecarried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g. In themodel of cerebral hypoxia the animals were placed in theartificial plexiglas box (790 ml) through which circulated amixture of pure nitrogen and athmospheric air. The oxygenconcentration was gradually reduced by the animal breathinguntill the level of 3.5% of oxygen was reached. The percentage ofoxygen was continiously measured and controlled by a oxygenmeasuring device untill the loss of righting reflex was reached.Global ischemia was induced by four vessel oclusion. Namely theday after bilateral electrocoagulation of veretbral arteries hadbeen done on the level of C1, both carotid arteries were ligatedduring 20 minutes. In thet period on electroencephalogramisoelectric line was recorded. Tested compounds wereadministrated before the former procedure was done in order toinvestigate their cerebroprotective effects.
    Keywords: Cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, experimental procedures, rat.
    

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24. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: EFFECTS OF FELODIPINE ON MOTOR ACTIVITY SPINAL CORD INJURED RABBITS
    

    Authors:

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Nemec, Boris

    Proceedings title: Lorenzini Foundation Symposium
    Language: engleski
    Place: Milano, Italija
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 21
    Meeting: 6th International Symposium on Pharmacological Control of Calcium and Potassium Homeostasis, Biological, Therapeutical and Clinical Aspects, Florence-Italy
    Held: from 10/04/94 to 10/06/94
    Summary: Spinal cord injuries results in nerve tissue damage, folowed with motor and senzory deficit and calcium accumulation in the nerve c ells. Intraveneously injection of felodipinevarious doses sshow that the tewsted drug diminished motor deficit in the injured rabbits. A significant improvement of the motor activity was observed during the first four posttraumatic doys.
    Keywords: MOTOR ACTIVITY, SPINAL CORD INJURY, FELODIPINE, RABBITS
    

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25. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: EFFECTS OF AMLODIPINE ON MOTOR ACTIVITY OF SPINAL CORD INJURED RABBITS
    

    Authors:

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: Pharmacological Research
    Language: engleski
    Place: London, Velika Britanija
    Year: 1995
    ISBN/ISSN: 1043-6618
    Pages: from 226
    Meeting: First European Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 06/16/95 to 06/19/95
    Summary: Spinal cord injuries results in nerve tissue domage, folowed with motor and sensory deficit can calcium accumulation in the herve cells. Intravenously injection of amlodipine in various doses show that the tested drug diminished motor deficit in the injured rabbits. A significant improvement of the motor activity was observed during the six four posttraumatic doys.
    Keywords: MOTOR ACTIVITY, SPINAL CORD INJURY, AMLODIPINE
    Other: Znanstveni savjet Prvog Europskog farmakološkog Kongresa izabrao je rad "Učinci amlodipina na motoričku aktivnost kunića s ozljeđenom kičmenom moždinom" za EPHAR AWARD - najbolji poster i usmeno prezentiranje.
    

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26. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title: NICARDIPINE, DIHYDROPYRIDINE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER AND MOTOR ACTIVITY OF SPINAL CORD INJURED RABBITS
    

    Authors:

    Atanacković, Dimitrije

    Editors

    Draganić, Pero (145152)

    Proceedings title: NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
    Language: engleski
    Place: New York, USA
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0893-133X
    Pages: from 174 to 178
    Meeting: XIXth Colleigium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress
    Held: from 06/27/94 to 07/01/94
    Summary: Spinal cord injuries results in nerve tissue domage, folowed with motor and senroy deficit and calcium accumulation in the herve cells. Intravenously injection of nicardipine in various doses show that the tested drug diminished motor deficit in the injured rabbits. A significant improvement of the motor activity was observed during the all niwe posttraumatic days in a dose-dependent manner.
    Keywords: MOTOR ACTIVITY, SPINAL CORD INJURY, NICARDIPINE
    

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27. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Scatton, B.

    Proceedings title: EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOIPHARMACOLOGY vol. 1/3
    Language: engleski
    Place: Amsterdam, Njemačka
    Year: 1991
    ISBN/ISSN: 0924-977X
    Pages: from 407
    Meeting: IV Congress of the Europena College of Neurophsyhcopharmacology
    Held: from 10/06/91 to 10/09/91
    Summary: Hypoxic damage of cells is associated with a precipitous influxof calcium from the extracellular to the intracellularcompartment, and as a consequence, intracellular calciumconcentration is increasing. The elevated cytosolic calciumconcentration induces different vascular and biochemicaldisturbances like reduction in cerebral blood flow, impairment ofthe mitochondrial function with concomitant energy failure etc.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects ofnicardipine and nitrendipine on learning ability in hypoxiaexposed rats. The study was carried out on Hannover Wistar ratsweighing 250 g. Various doses (0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) ofnicardipine and nitrendipine were given i.p. Thirty minutes laterpassive avoidance task was performed according to thestep-through procedure, modified by Jarvik and Kopp (1967).Immediately after the training animals were subjected to periodof oxygen deprivation hypoxia up to the lost of righting reflex.It has been found that both nicardipine and nitrendipine wereeffective in reversing the memory deficits in hypoxia exposedrats. All tested doses of nitrendipine and 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg ofnicardipine led to a significant enhancement of the passiveavoidance in hypoxia treated rats. Nicardipine at the doses of0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg slightly, but not significantly improved theperformance of behavioral task.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, nicardipine, nitrendipine, learning, rat
    

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28. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Matešić, Damir

    Vitezić, Dinko

    Simonić, Ante (43202)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol. 346
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1992
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 23
    Meeting: AUTUM MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXICOLOGIE
    Held: from 09/06/92 to 09/09/92
    Summary: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, may affectmemory processes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study wasto examine the effects of nimodipine on electroshock (ECS)induced amnesia. The study was carried out on Hannover Wistarrats weighing 150-200 g. Nimodipine (0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg)was given i.p. Thirty minutes later passive avoidance task wasperformed according to the step-through procedure. Namely, therats were placed individually into the light compartment of atwo-compartment apparatus. When they walked into the darkcompartment they received a foot shock.Immediately after thetraining trial the animals received an ECS through the ears. Onegroup of rats was subjected to the same procedure but without ECS(sham ECS treated control group). Twenty-four hours later theretest step-through latency was measured. It has been found thatECS administered to vehicle treated animals immediately after thetrainig trial caused statistically significant decrease of theretest latency as compared to sham ECS treated control animals.Our experiments also demonstrated that pretreatment withnimodipine prevented in a dose-dependent manner the disruption ofthe avoidance response caused by ECS application. Statisticallysignificant effects were produced by 0.1; 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kgnimodipine. These results support the hypothesis thatperturbations in calcium homeostasis may contribute to the memorydeficits associated with ECS application.
    Keywords: elctroshock, amnesia, nimodipine, rat
    

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29. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Vlahović, Vera

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNY-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol.346
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1992
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 23
    Meeting: AUTUM MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXICOLOGIE
    Held: from 09/06/92 to 09/09/92
    Summary: Amnesia induced by anticholinergic agent, scopolamine, has beenproposed as a short-term amnesia model representative ofdementia. Oxiracetam is able to facilitate learning and memoryprocesseses. The possibility that oxiracetam acts on braincholinergic mechanisms is supported by some findings. Therefore,the aim of our study was to investigate the effects ofscopolamine on learning ability and whether oxiracetam couldprevent scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the rat. Theexperiments were carried out on Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g.Passive avoidance behaviour was studied in a step-through type ofpassive avoidance situation. A two compartment apparatus with agrid floor which could be electrified was used. During thelearning trial the rat was placed in the illuminated compartment.After 30 sec. the guillotine door was opened and the latencybetween the door opening and the entrance into the darkcompartment was measured. When the rat walked into the dark boxit received a foot shock. The retention trial was carried out 24hrs later. Scopolamine (0.1; 0.3; 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) was injectedi.p. 30 min. before the learning trial. Oxiracetam (50; 100; 300mg/kg) was administered i.p. 30 min. prior to scopolamine (0.3mg/kg).Our experiments have demonstrated that all tested doses ofscopolamine significantly decreased retention of passiveavoidance conditioned response. It has also been found thatoxiracetam at the dose of 50 mg/kg completely preventedscopolamine-induced amnestic effect in the rat. In conclusion,our experiments indirectly confirm the hypothesis that oxiracetaminfluences on central cholinergic mechanisms.
    Keywords: amnesia, scopolamine, oxiracetam, rat
    

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30. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMAOCOLOGY, suppl.vol. 346
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1992
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 23
    Meeting: AUTUM MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXICOLOGIE
    Held: from 09/06/92 to 09/09/92
    Summary: Cerebral hypoxia is associated with a various functionaldisturbances and damage of neurons. We investigated the effectsof calcium channel blockers (nimodipine, nicardipine) andmetabolic enhancers (piracetam, oxiracetam) on hypoxia inducedcognitive deficit in the rat. The study was carried out onHannover Wistar rats weighing 250 g. Variuos doses of nimodipineand nicardipine (0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) were given i.p.Thirty or sixty minutes later passive avoidance task wasperformed according to the step-through procedure modified byJarvik and Kopp (1967). Immediately after the training, animalswere subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia up tothe lost of righting reflex. Twenty four hours later passiveavoidance retention was tested by using mentioned step-throughprocedure. It has been found that all tested drugs were effectivein reversing the memory deficits in hypoxia exposed rats. Alltested doses of mentioned substances led to significantenhancement of the passive avoidance in hypoxia treated rats.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, calcium channel blockers, nootropics, memory,rat
    

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31. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Matešić, Damir

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol. 347
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 137
    Meeting: 34th SPRING MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXIKOLOGIE
    Held: from 03/16/93 to 03/18/93
    Summary: Electroshock-induced amnesia has been proposed as a technique forproducing retrograde amnesia. The aim of our study was toinvestigate whether calcium channel blockers, nitrendipine andfelodipine, can prevent memory deficit caused by electroshock(ECS) application.The study was carried out on Hannover Wistarrats weighing 150-200 g. Various doses of nitrendipine orfelodipine (0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) were given i.p.Thirtyminutes later the passive avoidance task was performed accordingto the step-through procedure. A two-compartment apparatus with agrid floor which could be electrified was used. During thelearning trial the rat was placed in the light compartment. After30 seconds the guillotine door was opened and the latency betweenthe door opening and the entrance into the dark compartment wasmeasured. When the rat walked into the dark part of the apparatusit received a foot shock. Immediately after the training trialthe animal received an ECS through the ears. The retention trialwas carried out 24 hours later. It has been found that bothtested drugs were effective in reversing the memory deficits inECS-treated rats. Statistically significant enhancement of thepassive avoidance behavior was produced by 0.1; 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kgof nitrendipine and 1.0 mg/kg of felodipine.
    Keywords: electroshock, amnesia, nitrendipine, felodipine, rat
    

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32. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol.347
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 137
    Meeting: 34th SPRING MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXIKOLOGIE
    Held: from 03/16/93 to 03/18/93
    Summary: Numerous evidences suggest that cholinergic neurotransmissionactivity of central nervous system is strongly involved in memoryprocesses and that it is particullary vulnerabile to hypoxia.Therefore, the present study was designed to examine ifhypoxia-induced amnesia could be reversed by cholinergic agonist,arecoline. The study was carried out on Hannover Wistar ratsweighing 250 g. Arecoline (0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) was given i.p.The control group received saline i.p. Ten minutes later passiveavoidance behavior was studied according to the step-throughprocedure. A two compartment apparatus with a grid floor whichcould be electrified was used. During the learning trial the ratwas placed in the illuminated compartment. Ten seconds later theguillotine door was raised and the latency between the dooropening and the entrance into the dark compartment wasmeasured.After entering into the dark part of the apparatus, theanimals received an unavoidable foot shock. Immediatelly afterthe training, the rats were subjected to a period of oxygendeprivation hypoxia. The retention trial was carried out 24 hourslater. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia produced significantimpairment of passive avoidance behavior. Arecoline was effectivein reversing the memory deficits in hypoxia exposed rats. Namely,all tested doses of mentioned drug produced significantimprovement of the passive avoidance task in hypoxic animals.These results support the hypothesis that impairment ofcholinergic neurotransmission activity is involved in memorydeficit in hypoxic rats.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia,memory,arecoline,rat
    

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33. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol. 347
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from 137
    Meeting: 34th SPRING MEETING DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXIKOLOGIE
    Held: from 03/16/93 to 03/18/93
    Summary: The ventromedial globus pallidus and adjacent magnocellularneurones of basal forebrain (NB) provide the major cholinergicinnervation to the neocortex in the rat. The purpose of thisstudy was to examine the passive avoidance behavior twenty daysand six months after the NB lesion. Male Wistar rats weighing200-250 g were used. Unilateral or bilateral electrolytic NBlesions were made stereotaxically. The site of the lesions washistologically verified. Twenty days later the passive avoidancetask according to the procedure of Ashford and Jones (1976) wasperformed. A chamber with a grid floor continously electrifiedwas used. The central area of the platform contained a woodenplatform. Each rat was placed on the platform and left in theapparatus for three minutes. The total time spent on the platformwas recorded. A total of four consecutive daily sessions weregiven. Six months later the passive avoidance task was repeatedin bilateral lesioned rats. Results of our experiments show thatboth unilateral and bilateral lesions of the NB impaired thepassive avoidance responses in the rat. The effect of bilaterallesions was statistically significant.Six months latersignificant improvement of passive avoidance behavior was notedin bilateral lesioned rats. It is concluded that destruction ofthe NB neurons can be compensated by the plasticity of theresidual NB neurons and other central cholinergic andnoncholinergic structures which are involved in learning andmemory processes.
    Keywords: nucleus basalis, unilateral lesion, bilateral lesions, plasticityof the central nervous system, rat
    

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34. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Eraković, Vesna

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Milin, Čedomila

    Proceedings title: HB 93
    Language: engleski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    Pages: from 141
    Meeting: 6th International Symposium on Pharmacological Control of Calcium and Potassium Homeostasis, Biological, Therapeutical and Clinical Aspects, Florence-Italy
    Held: from 06/17/93 to 06/18/93
    Summary: Cerebral hypoxia activates membrane phospholipases with formationof free fatty acids (FFA), in particular arachidonic acid. TheFFA are assumed to have detrimental effect on mitochondrial andplasma membrane functions. The present experiments were designedto study FFA levels in the brain during various time intervalsafter hypoxic brain injury. The study was carried out on HannoverWistar rats weighing 250 g. The animals were subjected to 3.5 V%hypoxia, until loosing of righting reflex. Immediately or 5 or15 or 60 minutes after hypoxia animals were decapited, brainswere removed quickly and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. Lipidextracts were prepared from frozen brains fractioned by TLC andfatty acid methyl esters were prepared by methanolysis andquantified by GLC using internal standard method. In nonhypoxicconditions brain FFA pool consists mainly of palmitic acid,stearic acid, oleic acid with smaller amount of arachidonic acid.Our results suggest that hypoxia induces progressive increase intotal FFA content and that maximum amount of free arachidonicacid is detected 15 minutes after cerebral hypoxia.
    Keywords: hypoxia, brain, free fatty acids, arachidonic acid, rat
    

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35. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Križ, Jasna

    Križ, Mladen

    Paučić-Kirinčić, Ela

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Editors

    Peršić, Mladen

    Proceedings title: PEDIATRIA CROATICA, suppl.1,vol 37
    Language: hrvatski
    Place: Zagreb
    Year: 1993
    ISBN/ISSN: 1330-1403
    Pages: from 72
    Meeting: I Kongres hrvatskog pedijatrijskog društva
    Held: from 09/29/93 to 10/02/93
    Summary: Experimental models of epilepsy have very important role in ourunderstanding of underlying mechanisms of seizure activity. Theaim of our experiments was to study the penicillin inducedepileptic seizures in rats. The exact mechanisms underlying therat model of epilepsy induced by penicillin are still unclear butit is suppsed that penicillin caused the preservation ofCl-mediated hyperpolarizing potentials caused by the activationof GABAa receptors.The experiments were carried out on Wistarrats weighing 250-350 g. All the animals were anesthetized andplaced in the stereotaxic apparatus. Focal application ofpenicillin into the left motoric cortex produced focal epileptic discharge. Generalized seizures appeared after penicillinadministration into the cerebral ventricle or basolateralamygdaloid nucleus. The EEG was recorded and gross behavior wasobserved.
    Keywords: penicillin, focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, rat
    

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36. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.vol 349
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0028-1298
    Pages: from R101
    Meeting: 35th SPRING METTING DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR EXPERIMENTELLE UND KLINISCHE PHARMAKOLOGIE UND TOXICOLOGIE
    Held: from 03/15/94 to 03/17/94
    Summary: The study was designed to determine the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) in preventing the memory decline in hypoxia-exposed animals. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing 250 g. Various doses of THA (0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) were given i.p. Sixty minutes later passive avoidance task was performed according to the step-through procedure. Immediately after the training trial animals were subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia. The level of 3.5V% of oxygen was reached in about 20 minutes and maintained up to the loss of righting reflex. The retention trial was carried out 24 hours later. It has been found that all tested doses of mentioned cholinergic agent led to a significant enhancement of the passive avoidance in hypoxia treated rats. Our results confirm the hypothesis that increase of central cholinergic activity can antagonize memory decline in hypoxia-exposed rats.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, amnesia, tetrahydroaminoacridine, rat
    

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37. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Eraković, Vesna

    Križ, Jasna

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Milin, Čedomila

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: ABSTRACT BOOK
    Language: engleski
    Place: Helsinki, Finska
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 150
    Held: from 06/26/94 to 07/01/94
    Summary: The aim of this study was to determine free fatty acids (FFAs) level in the rat brain during various time intrervals after the chemically induced seizures. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats. The animals of the control group were intact. Other animals were anesthetized and placed in stereotaxic apparatus. They received penicillin injection (5000 u/5ul) or vehiculum into the left lateral ventricle and were decapitated immediately or 5 or 15 min. after appearance of epileptic seizures. The brains were removed and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. The frozen brains were weighed and homogenized in chloroform-methanol (2:1, V/V) for lipid extraction. The FFAs were separated by thin-layer chromatography,methyl esters were prepared by methanolysis and quantified by gas chromatography using internal standard method. The penicillin-induced seizures produced an increase in total brain FFAs with the largest relative increase in free arachidonic acid level reaching plateau within min after the appearance of the epileptic seizures these results attribute to the theory that calcium influx into the cell and phospholipases activation could be one of the pathophysiological events during epileptic brain damage
    Keywords: penicillin-induced epilepsy, brain free fatty acids, dynamics, rat
    

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38. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Eraković, Vesna

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Križ, Jasna

    Proceedings title: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.1, vol 72
    Language: engleski
    Place: Ottawa, Canada
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0008-4212
    Pages: from 437
    Meeting: XIIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHARMACOLOGY
    Held: from 07/24/94 to 07/29/94
    Summary: The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nimodipine on the brain free arachidonic acid (FAA) level in hypoxia-exposed rats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats. The animals of the control group were intact, drug naive. All other animals were subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia until the lost of righting reflex. Immediately or 5 or 15 or 6o min. after loosing the mentioned reflex rats were decapiteted and brains were frozen in liquid nitrogen . One group of the animals was injected with vehicle solution while other animals were pretreated with various doses of nimodipine, i.p. 30 min before hypoxia exposure. The rats of mentioned groups were decapitated 15 min. after loosing the righting reflex. The free fatty acids were separated by thin-layer chromatography, methyl esters were prepared by menthanolysis and quanitified by gas chromatography. The level of FAA was measured. Our results demonstrate that cerebral hypoxia induced progressive increase in the brain FAA content. Maximal level was detected 15 min. after cerebral hypoxia had been obtained. Administration of various doses of nimodipine prevented the accumulation of the brain FAA caused by hypoxia. Statistically significant protection was obtained with 0.1; 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of nimodipine.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, arachidonic acid, brain, nimodipine, rat
    

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39. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Eraković, Vesna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Proceedings title: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.1, vol 72
    Language: engleski
    Place: Ottawa, Canada
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0008-4212
    Pages: from 407
    Meeting: XIIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHARMACOLOGY
    Held: from 07/24/94 to 07/29/94
    Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nimodipine and amlodipine on the brain free arachidonic acid (FAA) level and learning ability in hypoxia-exposed rats. The experimental animals were injected with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg of tested drugs. Thirty min. later the learning ability was tested in a passive avoidance task according to the step-through procedure. immediately after the learning trial,the animals were subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia until the lost the righting reflex.The retention trial was carried out 24 hours later. A part of animals used for biochemical investigations was pretreated with calcium channel blockers and exposed to the hypoxic conditions. Fifteen min. after loosing the righting reflex they were decapitated and brains were frozen in liquid nitrogen.The level of the brain FAA was quantified by gas chromatography. It has been found that nimodipine was effective in reversing the significant increase of the brain FAA level and memory decline in hypoxia-exposed rats. Amlodipine did not influence the content of the brain FAA, but produced significant improvement of the passive avoidance behavior in hypoxia conditions.
    Keywords: hypoxia, nimodipine, amlodipine, behavior, brain, arachidonic acid, rat
    

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40. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Eraković, Vesna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Proceedings title: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.1,vol 72
    Language: engleski
    Place: Ottawa, Canada
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0008-4212
    Pages: from 398
    Meeting: XIIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHARMACOLOGY
    Held: from 07/24/94 to 07/29/94
    Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nimodipine on the brain free fatty acids (FFAs) level in penicillin-induced seizures in rats. The animals received penicillin (5000 u/5ul) into the left lateral ventricle. One group of rats were injected with vehicle, while others received 1.0 or 30 mg/kg of nimodipine i.p. 30 min. prior to penicillin application.Five min. after appearance of epileptic seizures the rats were decapitated.The FFAs were separated by thin-layer chromatography, methyl esters were preapared by methanolysis and quantified by gas chromatography. Our results demonstrate that penicillin-induced seizures produced an increase in brain FFAs level. Administration of 30 mg/kg of nimodipine prevented the accumulation of the brain FFAs manner, while the dose of 1.0 mg/kg was ineffective.
    Keywords: penicillin-induced seizures, nimodipine, free fatty acids, brain, rat
    

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41. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Eraković, Vesna

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, suppl.1,vol.72
    Language: engleski
    Place: Ottawa, Canada
    Year: 1994
    ISBN/ISSN: 0008-4212
    Pages: from 608
    Meeting: XIIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHARMACOLOGY
    Held: from 07/24/94 to 07/29/94
    Summary: The aim of our study was to determine extent of brain cell damage in experimental model of controlled hypoxia and chemically induced seizures in rats. The animals of the control group were intact. Four groups of rats were subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia. Immediately or 5 or 15 or 60 minutes after loosing the righting reflex rats were decapitated. Other two groups of animals were anesthetized, placed in a stereotaxic apparatus and injected with penicillin (5000 u/5ul) i.c.v. They were decapitated 5 or 15 min. after appearance of epileptic seizures. In all hypoxia or penicillin treated rats the brains were removed and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. The frozen brains were weighed and homogenized in chloroform-methanol (2:1, V/V) for lipid extraction. The FFAs were separated by thin-layer chromatography, methyl esters were prepared by methanolysis and quantified by gas chromatography. Our results demonstrated that cerebral hypoxia induced progressive increase in the brain free arachidonic acid level with maximum detected 15 min. after cerebral hypoxia had been obtained. The penicillin-induced epilepsy produced an increase in brain free arachidonic acid as well as total FFAs level reaching the platou in 5 min. The increase in free arachidonic acid content was significantly higher in experimental model of chemically induced seizures then in controlled hypoxia.
    Keywords: cerebral hypoxia, epilepsy, free fatty acids, brain, rat
    

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42. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Eraković, Vesna

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: ABSTRACTS
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 36
    Meeting: 3rd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYPOXIA
    Held: from 09/24/94
    Summary: The present study was undertaken to examine dynamics of brain free palmitic, stearic, oleic and arachidonic acid during various time intervals after hypoxic brain injury. The animals were subjected to 3.5 V% hypoxia until loosing of righting reflex. Immediately or 5 or 15 or 60 min. after hypoxia animals were decapitated, brains were removed quickly and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. Lipids were extracted from frozen brains and fractioned by TLC. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by methanolysis and quantified by GLC using internal standard method.Our results clearly demonstrated that cerebral hypoxia induced progressive increase in the brain free fatty acids content. Palmitic, stearic and oleic acids show same liberation pattern, reaching statistically significant level 60 min. after the loosing of righting reflex. Maximal level of the free arachidonic acid was detected 15 min. after cerebral hypoxia had been obtained. Sixty min. after hypoxia procedure the level of mentioned free fatty acid decreased to the control value. It could be concluded that cerebral hypoxia induced different liberation modes of individual free fatty acids.
    Keywords: hypoxia, brain, individual free fatty acids, dynamics, rat
    

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43. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: ABSTRACTS
    Language: engleski
    Place: Berlin, Njemačka
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 66
    Meeting: 3rd INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYPOXIA
    Held: from 09/24/94
    Summary: This study was designed to examine the influence of variuos doses of the NMDA channel blocker, ifenprodil, on the retention of passive avoidance in normoxic and hypoxic conditions in rats.Various doses (0.03; 0.1; 0.3 or 1.0 mg//kg) of ifenprodil were administered to the experimental rats i.p. Thirty min. later the passive avoidance task was performed according to the step-through procedure. Immediately after the training trial the animals were subjected to the period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia. Rats were placed into hypoxia cage and the percentage of oxygen was gradually reduced and continuously measured. The level of 3.5 V% of oxygen was reached in about twenty min. and maintained up to the lost of righting reflex. Twenty four hours later passive avoidance retention was tested. It has been found that ifenprodil succesfully antagonized the memory deficit in hypoxia exposed rats. Namely, all tested doses of mentioned drug led to a significant enhancement of the passive avoidance behavior. The results of our experiments indicate that ifenprodil possess a protective action against the impairment of passive avoidance retention caused by hypoxia in rats. Our findings indirectly confirm the hypothesis that memory decline in hypoxic conditions is associated with disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis.
    Keywords: hypoxia, brain, ifenprodil, behavior, rat
    

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44. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Mladen

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: FINAL PROGRAM AND ABSTRACT BOOK
    Language: engleski
    Place: Milano, Italija
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 59
    Meeting: 6th International Symposium on Pharmacological Control of Calcium and Potassium Homeostasis, Biological, Therapeutical and Clinical Aspects, Florence-Italy
    Held: from 10/04/94 to 10/06/94
    Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether nimodipine could prevent kainic acid (KA)-induced changes in EEG activity. Experimental animals were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Vehicle or nimodipine (30 mg/kg) had been given 30 min. prior to intahippocampal injection of KA (15 nmol). In each rat four screw electrodes were placed over the frontal and parietal cortex. The EEG was recorded in basal conditins and 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. after KA administration. In order to obtain EEG samples for frequency analysis, the output from the EEG machine was amplified and was transmitted to an IBM AT-compatible microcomputer via analog-to-digital converter. The system was calibrated using 5OO uV. Two 7.5 s samples of artefact free EEG were analyzed. In order to obtain power spectra between 0-30 Hz, spectral averages were computed using Fast Fourier Transform. Individual EEG power of each frequency bin was normalized to average total power of baseline. EEG frequecies were collapsed into 1 Hz bins.Our results demonstrate that nimodipine was effective in the prevention of changes in EEG activity induced by intrahippocampal KA administration.
    Keywords: kainic acid, epilepsy, EEG activity, EEG power spectra, nimodipine, rat
    

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45. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Eraković, Vesna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Križ, Jasna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Proceedings title: FINAL PROGRAM AND ABSTRACT BOOK
    Language: engleski
    Place: Milano, Italija
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 59
    Meeting: 6th International Symposium on Pharmacological Control of Calcium and Potassium Homeostasis, Biological, Therapeutical and Clinical Aspects, Florence-Italy
    Held: from 10/04/94 to 10/06/94
    Summary: The influence of nicardipine on the brain free arachidonic acid (FAA) level and on the learning ability in hypoxia-exposed rats was examined. The experimental animals were injected with various doses (0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1.0 mg/kg) of nicardipine. Thirty min. later some animals were subjected to the period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia until the lost of the righting reflex. Fifteen min. later they were decapitated and brains were frozen in liquid nitrogen. The level of the brain FAA was quantified by gas chromatography. The learning ability of all other animals pretreated with the calcium channel blocker used, was tested in a passive avoidance task according to the step-through procedure. These animals were exposed to the hypoxic conditions immediately after the learning trial response had been aqiured. A passive avoidance retention test was performed 24 hours later. It was found that nicardipine did not influence the content of the brain FAA, but significantly improved the retention deficits in the animals exposed to hypoxia.
    Keywords: hypoxia, brain, nicardipine, arachidonic acid, behavior,rat
    

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46. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Eraković, Vesna

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Proceedings title: FINAL PROGRAM AND ABSTRACT BOOK
    Language: engleski
    Place: Milano, Italija
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 58
    Meeting: 6th International Symposium on Pharmacological Control of Calcium and Potassium Homeostasis, Biological, Therapeutical and Clinical Aspects, Florence-Italy
    Held: from 10/04/94 to 10/06/94
    Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, on the brain free fatty acid (FFAs) level in penicillin-induced seizures in rats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats.The animals were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Each of them received an injection of penicillin (5000 U/5ul) into the left lateral ventricle. Various doses of amlodipine (1; 3; 10 or 30 mg/kg) had been injected i.p. 30 min. prior to penicillin application. The rats were decapitated five min. after the appearance of epileptic seizures. FFAs were quantified by gas chromatography. Our results demonstrate that intracerebral penicillin administration induced significant increase of the brain FFAs level. It has also been found that amlodipine did not prevent penicillin-induced accumulation of the brain FFAs.
    Keywords: penicillin-induced seizures, brain, free fatty acids, amlodipine, rat
    

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47. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Eraković, Vesna

    Varljen, Jadranka

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Križ, Jasna

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Milin, Čedomila

    Proceedings title: HB 94
    Language: engleski
    Place: Opatija
    Year: 1994
    Pages: from 1994
    Meeting: ANNUAL MEETING OF CROATIAN BIOCHEMISTS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION
    Held: from 10/14/94 to 10/15/94
    Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of indomethacin, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, on free fatty acids (FFAs) pool in hypoxia-exposed rats. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing 250 g. The animals of control group were intact, drug naive. All other rats were subjected to a period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia until loosing the righting reflex and decapitated 15 and 60 min. later. Two groups of animals were injected with vehicle solution. Other two groups were pretreated with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin, i.p. 30 min. before hypoxia exposure. FFAs were quanitified by gas chromatography using internal standard method. Our results demonstrate that indomethacin significantly increases total FFAs level in hypoxic rats decapitated 15 min. after the hypoxia-exposure, with no changes in free arachidonic acid content. On the contrary, the increase in the brain free arachidonic acid level and no change in total FFAs level was observed in hypoxic animals decapitated 60 min.after hyxpoxia.
    Keywords: hypoxia, brain, free fatty acids, indomethacin, rat
    

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48. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Križ, Jasna

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Proceedings title: PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH, suppl.,vol31
    Language: engleski
    Place: London, Velika Britanija
    Year: 1995
    ISBN/ISSN: 1043-6618
    Pages: from 347
    Meeting: First European Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 06/16/95 to 06/19/95
    Summary: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether amlodipine could prevent penicillin-induced excitatory changes in EEG activity. Experiments were performed on adult Wistar rats. They were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Vehicle or amlodipine (1; 3; 10 or 30 mg/kg) had been given 30 min. prior to penicillin injection (2000 I.U.) into the left motoric cortex. In each rat four screw electrodes were placed over the left or right frontal and parietal cortex. The EEG was recorded in basal conditions and 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. after penicillin administration. The output from EEG machine was amplified and was transmitted to an IBM AT-compatible computer. Two 7.5 samples of artefact free EEG were analyzed. In order to obtain power spectra between 0-30 Hz spectral averages were computed using Fast Fourier Transform. Individual EEG power of each frequency bin was normalized to average total power baseline. EEG frequencies were colapsed into 1 Hz bins. Our results demonstrate that amlodipine in doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg prevented the rise of EEG power spectra induced by focal penicillin administration.
    Keywords: penicillin-induced focal seizures, EEG activity, EEG power spectra, amlodipine, rat
    

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49. Type of paper: Summary in proceedings
    

    Title:
    

    Authors:

    Župan, Gordana (142160)

    Mršić, Jasenka (142272)

    Simonić, Ante (43222)

    Proceedings title: PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH, suppl.-,vol31
    Language: engleski
    Place: London, Velika Britanija
    Year: 1995
    ISBN/ISSN: 1043-6618
    Pages: from 265
    Meeting: First European Congress of Pharmacology
    Held: from 06/16/95 to 06/19/95
    Summary: In this study we examined the influence of nimodipine and MK-801 on the retention of passive avoidance in rats exposed to hypoxia. The study was carried out on Hannover-Wistar rats weighing 250 g. Various doses (0.03; 0.1; 0,3 mg/kg) of nimodipine or MK-801 were administered i.p. Thirty min. later the passive avoidance task was performed according to the step-through procedure. Immediately after the training trial the animals were subjected to the period of oxygen deprivation hypoxia. Twenty four hours later passive avoidance retention was tested. It was found that hypoxia strongly impaired the retention of the passive avoidance response. Nimodipine significantly improved the retention deficits in hypoxia-exposed rats while MK-801 was uneffective.
    Keywords: hypoxia, passive avoidance behavior, nimodipine, MK-801, rat
    

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50. Type of paper: M.A.
    

    Title: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ON LEARNING ABILITY IN INTACT AND HYPOXIA-EXPOSED RATS
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Date of defense: 07/22/92
    Language: hrvatski
    Number of pages: 108
    Summary: The influence of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers(nimodipine, nitrendipine, nicardipine, felodipine, amlodipineand nifedipine) on the learning ability in the intact rats andthe hypoxia exposured rats has been examined. The cognitive activities of the experimental animals have beenexamined in the passive avoidance task, during four consecutivedays. Various doses (0,03; 0,1; 0,3 and 1,0 mg/kg) of the drugsmentioned, have been injected on the first training day, thirtyminutes before the training session. A part of animals has beenexposed to the controlled hypoxic condition immediately after thetraining procedure. The avoidance time related to the totaltesting time has been measured. The results indicate that hypoxia strongly impairs the learningabilities in rats. The calcium channel blockers used in the experiment do notinfluence on the learning abilities in the intact rats. On the contrary, they improve the ability of the passiveavoidance in all tested doses in rats whose cognitive deficiencyis caused by hypoxia. It has also been found that the effects ofsubstances examined are dose dependent.
    Keywords: Nimodipine, nitrendipine, nicardipine, felodipine, amlodipine, nifedipine, hypoxia, passive avoidance, rats.
    

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51. Type of paper: M.A.
    

    Title: THE INFLUNCE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS ON MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RABBITS WITH TRAUMATIZED SPINAL CORD
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Date of defense: 09/15/93
    Language: hrvatski
    Number of pages: 79
    Summary: The influence of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers(nifedipine, nitrendipine, nimodipine, nicardipine, amlodipineand felodipine) on the motor activity of the spinal cord oftraumatized rabbits was examined. The study was carried out on adult rabbits 2.5-3.5 kg bodyweight. Medial dorsal thoracolumbal laminectomy was performed,followed by contusion of the spinal cord provoked by a strike of15.0.10 Joules, which resulted in a spontaneously irreversiblyparaplegy in the experimental animals. Calcium channel blockers were injected immediately after thetrauma and during the eight subsewuent days, either once a day invarious dose (0.1; 0,3; 1,0 mg.kg) or twice a day at the dose of0.5 mg.kg. Hind limb motor activity was controled daily inaccordance with Tarlov's system during the whole course of theexperiment. The results of the experiment show that all the tested drugsdiminished the motor deficit in the truamatized animals, therespective effects of particular substances being dose dependent.A significant improvement of the motor deficit was observedduring the first five postoperative days.
    Keywords: Nifedipine, nitrendipine, nimodipine, nicardipine, amlodipine, felodipine, spinal cord contusion, motor activity, rabbits.
    

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52. Type of paper: M.A.
    

    Title: THE EXAMINATION OF RECEPTORS IN ISOLATED BOVINE IRIS
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Author: AGANOVIĆ IBRAHIM
    Date of defense: 09/27/91
    Language: hrvatski
    Number of pages: 86
    Summary: The influence of agonists and antagonists of adrenergic,cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and histaminergicreceptors on isometric and isotonic contraction or relaxation onthe isolated bovine iris was examined. Iris was kept in the bath with well oxygenated Krebs Henseleitssolution at the temperature of 37C. Changes in tonus and lengthof isolated bovine iris were examined after interactions withdifferent drug concentrations. Iris was contracted by dopamine, propranolol, haloperidol,serotonin, cyproheptadine, histamine and acetylcholine andrelaxed by adrenaline, noradrenaline, tolazoline and atropine. Ergotamine, dihydroergotoxine, bromocriptine, promethazine andranitidine were without influence on iris muscle tonus. Statistically significant difference between isometric andisotonic contraction (relaxation) of the isolated bovine irisafter different concentrations of used drugs was not found. Adrenaline and noradrenaline effects were antagonised bytolazoline and bromocriptine. Dopamine effects were antagonisedby haloperidol. Acetylcholine contraction was antagonised byatropine, and the histamine contraction by promethazine.
    Keywords: Adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and histaminergic drugs, Ca++, isolated bovine iris, contraction.
    

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53. Type of paper: Mentorship
    

    Title: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ON LEARNING ABILITY IN INTACT AND HYPOXIA EXPOSED RATS
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Date of defense: 07/22/92
    Number of pages: 108
    Author: Mršić mr.sc. Jasenka
    Degree level: M.A.
    

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54. Type of paper: Mentorship
    

    Title: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS ON MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RABBITS WITH TRAUMATIZED SPINAL CORD
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Date of defense: 09/15/93
    Number of pages: 79
    Author: Simonić prof.dr sc. Ante
    Degree level: M.A.
    

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55. Type of paper: Mentorship
    

    Title: THE EXAMINATION OF RECEPTORS IN ISOLATED BOVINE IRIS
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Date of defense: 09/27/91
    Number of pages: 86
    Author: Štimac mr.sc. Davor
    Degree level: M.A.
    

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56. Type of paper: Mentorship
    

    Title: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM CHANELS BLOCKERS, CHOLINOMIMETICS, AND NOOTROPICS ON LEARNING ABILITY IN HYPOXIA EXPOSED RATS
    Faculty: Medicinski fakultet Rijeka
    Mentor: SIMONIĆ ANTE
    Date of defense: 05/24/95
    Number of pages: 128
    Author: Mršić mr.sc. Jasenka
    Degree level: Ph.D.
    

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