- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The effect of vaccination agains Gumboro desease on
activity of liver microsomal monooxygenases in broiler chicks
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Biđin, Zdenko (3545)
- Prevendar, Andreja
Journal: Veterinarski arhiv
Number: 1
ISSN: 0372-5480
Volume: 61
Year: 1991
Pages: from 1 to 12
Number of references: 28
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The influence of vaccine against Gumboro disease
(Gumbokal,Pliva) which was given to 12-day-old broilers, on the activity
oftwo liver microsomal monooxygenases (ethylmorphine N-demethylaseand
aniline hydroxylase) was examined. It was observed that thetested vaccine
markedly depressed the activity of two livermicrosomal enzymes in the first
2 days, respectively 5 days aftervacctination. The level of enzyme activity
was by 60-80 % lowerin the vaccinated group. The relative liver weight was
10 % lowerin tested broilers 48 hours after vacctination and slightlyraised
in the next 3 days (108 %). In the first days aftervacctination the weight
gain was transitory and slightlydepressed. The inhibitory effect of vaccine
against Gumborodesease on the microsomal enzyme activity may be a risk
forbroilers treated with liposoluble drugs of a small therapeuticindex,
e.g. ionofore antibiotics, which are biotransformed byliver monooxygenases.
Keywords: broilers, vaccine against Gumboro desease, liver microsomal monooxygenases, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Narasine toxicity in pigs and its incopatibility with
tiamulin
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Belčić, Zdravka
- Blagović, S
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
Journal: Veterinarski arhiv
Number: 5
ISSN: 0372-5480
Volume: 61
Year: 1991
Pages: from 269 to 282
Number of references: 31
Language: hrvatski
Summary: In 5 male and 5 female weaned pigs, acute toxicity of
theantibiotic narasin and the modulation of toxicity during asimultaneous
medication with tiamulin were invetigated. Over theinitial six days the
animals were fed according to standards fortheir age (50-60 days), and
after that, in the course of 2 days,100 ppm of narasin was incorporated in
the feed. Next five days(7th - 13th day) all pigs were receiving narasin
(100 ppm) andtiamulin (100 ppm) simultaneously. The doses ingested by
pigscorresponded to 4.22 mg narasin - tiamulin /kg live weight perday.
Parallel medication of these two antibiotics markedlydepressed food
cunsupttin and the pigs exhibited clinical singsof toxicity and specially
myotoxicity: leg weakness, hind limbataxia and incoordination. These
clinical sings were presentduring the combined narasin/tiamulin medication
period. However,only 24 hours after the whitdrawal of tamulin/narasin from
thefood, recovery was observed. The activity of plasmatic enzymes:CK, ALD,
LDH, AST, ALT and MDH was tested six times. Theincreased activity of this
enzymes primarly reflects theinpairment of sceletal and heart muscles.
Enzyme levels in theplasma were raised when 100 ppm narasin was
incorporated inthe food, but all enzymes markedly "jumped" during
asimultaneous of medication of narasin and tiamulin (12th day).However, two
days after the discontinuation of both antibioticsfrom the food (15th day),
the activity of all tested enzymes wereon the average 5.5 times lower
(corresponding to the 12th day).On the 27th day, two weaks after the
withdrawal of narasin andtiamulin from the food, complete recouvery was
observed, and alltested enzymes were in the normal range and well
equalized. Inthe experiment it was observed that narasin is myotoxic for
pigsin the therapeutic concentration for pigs 100 ppm (4.22 mg/kgbody
weight/day) and that tiamulin (100 ppm) increased narasintoxicity during
their parallel medication.
Keywords: narasin, tiamulin, interaction, weaned pigs, enzymes in the blood plasma.
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Effect of therapeutic level of tiamulin on higher toxicity
of monensin in weaned pigs
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
- Belčić, Zdravka
- Blagović, S
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
Journal: Veterinarski arhiv
Number: 2
ISSN: 0372-5480
Volume: 61
Year: 1991
Pages: from 67 to 82
Number of references: 46
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Investigated was the effect of the therapeutic
concentration oftiamulin on the increased toxicity of monensin during
theirsimultaneuos medication in feed to 10 weaned pigs. The animalswere fed
over 10 initial days according to standards for theirage (50-65 days). Then
the pigs were given monensin-sodium (100ppm = 5.8 mg/kg b.w.) for 2 days,
and from the 7th-13th days,monensin and tiamulin (100 ppm = 5.8 mg/kg b.w.)
simultaneuosly.While only monensin was given in feed (100 ppm), no changes
inthe health condition of the pigs were observed. On the otherhand, 24
hours after the parallel medication of monensin andtiamulin the pigs became
depressed and lethargic, they weremostly laying down, but on stimulation
they easily picket up.However, some animals manifested leg weakness and
hindlimbataxia. In 3-4 days all symptoms of depression and hypoactivtywith
stiffness disappeared. During the experiment the activity ofplasmatic
enzymes: creatine-phosphocinase (CK), aspartateaminotransferase (AST),
alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), aldolase (ALD)
and malate dehydogenase (MDH)were tested several times. Rapid elevation in
the activity of CK,ALD, LDH and AST was noted on the 2nd and 4th day
following theintroduction og the diet containing tiamulin and monensin.
Theincreased activity of these four enzymes primarily reflects
theimpairment of the heart and sceletal muscles. A higher level ofALT and
MDH, besides sceletal and heart muscle damage, is thesign of a degenerative
alteration in the liver and renal tissue.Two weeks after the
discontinuation of both antibiotics in thefeed, the activity of mostly all
tested enzymes was in the normalrange and well equalized. This reflects a
very moderate toxicityof monensin (dose 5.8 mg/kg b.w.) during a parallel
madicationwith tiamulin (5.8 mg/kg b.w.) and also the resorative
andrestitutional processes in the impaired tissues.
Keywords: monensin, tiamulin, interaction, weaned pigs, plasmatic enzymes.
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Use and toxicity of ionophore antibiotcs
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
Journal: Praxis veterinaria
Number: 2
ISSN: 0350-4441
Volume: 39
Year: 1991
Pages: from 195 to 207
Number of references: 82
Language: hrvatski
Summary: During the last 15 years, the ionophore compounds have
provedextremely successful as anticoccidial feed aditive for birds.They are
also used as ergotropic antibiotics for feedlot cattlefor improveing the
feed efficiency and rate of gain. In the sametime, it has been reported
that ionophore compounds are toxic todomestics animals. All species, even
those for which ionophoreantibiotics are indicated, can become intoxicated
if they receiveexcesive dose. Such an over dose may be due to exposed
toconcentrates containing ionophores or to miscalculated rations.The
toxicity of these compounds can be enhanced by thesimultaneous
administration of certain antibiotics (tiamulin,chloramphenicol,
oleandomycin, suphchlorpirasin etc.), whichprobably act as inhibitor of
ionophore biotransformation bymicrosomal enzymes in liver. The article
reviews currentliterature regarding the use of ionophore compounds and
theirpotential hazards.
Keywords: ionophore antibiotics, use, interaction, toxicity
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The effect of Newcastle disease vaccine and infectious
bronchitis vaccine on activity of microsomal monooxygenases in liver of
fattenin chicks
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Biđin, Zdenko (3545)
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
- Savić, Vladimir
Journal: Praxis veterinaria
Number: 1
ISSN: 0350-4441
Volume: 40
Year: 1992
Pages: from 13 to 24
Number of references: 30
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Examined was the effect of infectious bronchitis
vaccine(Bronhikal I, PLIVA) and Newcastle disease vaccine (Pestikal,PLIVA)
on biotransformation capacity of liver in fatteningchicks. One day old
chicks, in first and second experimentalgroup, were vaccinated against
infectious bronchitis (IB).Broilers from the second group were also
vaccinated, on 4th day,against Newcastle disease (ND). Fattening chicks
from control andboth experimental groups were successively sacrified on
1st, 4th,8th and 14th day. The vaccine against IB lowered on 4th day
therelative liver weight. In this group, the same parameter wasabove the
control values on 8th and 14th day. Concentration ofmicrosomal protein was
lowered in the group vaccinated onlyagainst ND. Vaccine against ND
inhibited the activity ofmicrosomal enzymes: N-demethylation of
ethylmorphine andhyroxylation of aniline. The same effect was observed in
thegroup wich received both vaccines - against ND and IB. Theseresults
indicate that the vaccinal strains of viruses against NDand IB inhibited
the activity of microsomal enzymes. In turn itmeans that in first 10 days
after vaccination of fattening chickslowered is the liver capacity for
biotransformation ofxenobiotic.
Keywords: fattening chicks, Newcastle disease vaccine, infectious bronchitis vaccine, liver microsomal monooxygenases, ethylmorphyne N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Compatibility of lasalocid and some chemotherapeutics in
broiler chicks
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
- Biđin, Zdenko (3545)
Journal: Veterinarski arhiv
Number: 1
ISSN: 0372-5480
Volume: 62
Year: 1992
Pages: from 25 to 34
Number of references: 28
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The trial was conducted in 72 briolers - Hybro 159, which
were onthe 1st day divided into a control group and 5 experimentalgroups.
In each group there were 12 birds. The control andexperimental groups
received food with 75 ppm lasalocid (Avatec,Hoffmann La Roche) from the
1st-32nd days. Thr 5 experimentalgroups simultaneously received, via
drinking water, severalchemotherapeutics: tiamulin 556 mg/L, spiramycin 400
mg/L,erythromycin 250 mg/L, sulphadimidine (sulphamethazine) 2240 mg/Land
chloramphenicol 328 mg/L. During the parallel medication wihtlasalocid and
these therapeutics there were killed on the 32ndday and the parameters
measured were as follows; relative liverweight; concentration of microsomal
proteins; activity ofmicrosomal enzymes; N-demethylation of ethylmorphine
andhydroxyation of aniline; activity of plasmatic enzymes;
aspartateaminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). Tiamulin
anderythromycin induced polysubstrate monooxygenases. On the otherhand,
spiramycin did not significantly modulate their activity.The influence of
sulphadimidine on broilers was diverse:inhibition of aniline hydroxylation
and induction ofN-demethylation of ethylmorphine. Chloramphenicol inhibited
bothmicrosomal enzymes. The concentrations of microsomal proteinswere, more
or less, parallel with the activity of polysubstratemonooxygenases, but
their values were not significant. Theactivity of AST and CK, which
primarly reflects the damage ofskeletal muscle, was within the normal
range. The values og CKrose in the group chloramphenicol-lasalocid, which
is the sign ofa very mild muscle impairment. It is concluded that in
broilersall listed chemotherapeutics can be used parallel with
lasalocid,but caution is necessary during the simultaneus medication
withchloramphenicol.
Keywords: lasalocid, interaction, chemotherapeutics, microsomal enzymes, AST, CK, chickens
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Effect of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis
on the activity of the broiler's liver microsomatic monooxygenases
- Authors:
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Biđin, Zdenko (3545)
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
- Sladić, D
Journal: Veterinarski arhiv
Number: 2
ISSN: 0372-5480
Volume: 62
Year: 1992
Pages: from 87 to 98
Number of references: 31
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The activity of polysubstrate liver enzymes: the
N-demethylationof ethylmorphine and the hydroxylation of aniline in
broilers 4,8 and 14 days old was examined. On the 1st day the chickens
werevaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis (Bronhikal I,Pliva). The
vaccine Bronhikal I selectively inhibited theactivity of N-demethylation
(26-32 %). The results indicate thatthe vaccinal strains of the virus
against avian infectiousbronhitis selectively lowered the
biotransformationcapacity of liver in broilers.
Keywords: infectious bronhitis vaccine, microsomal monooxygenases, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, fattening chicks.
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Effect of TMTD on biotransformation capacity of liver and
the content of copper and zinc in fattening chicks
- Authors:
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
Journal: Praxis veterinaria
Number: 2
ISSN: 0350-4441
Volume: 41
Year: 1993
Pages: from 209 to 220
Number of references: 48
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The sublethal toxicity of sinthetic chelating
chemicaltetramethyl - thiuram disulfide was investigated by deteriminingthe
activity of some microsomal enzyme in fattening chicks. From14th - 28th
day, chicks were fed with usual food containingpropylenglycol as a carier
and thiram in concentrations of 10 and50 ppm. Control group were fed with
food containing onlypropylene glycol. All the broilers were killed when
they were 28days old. The content of cyt. P-450, activity of
ethylmorphineN-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase was measured. At the
sametime, the content of copper and zinc in liver, kidney, brain, andtestes
was determined, as well as the relative testes weight,food conversion and
weight gain. It was prooved that thiram inconcentration of 10 ppm induced,
whereas in greater 50 ppminhibited the activity of microsomal enzymes. Due
to the abiltyof thiram to chelate copper, this fungicide changed the
contentof copper and zinc in tissues of chicks. The alterations of
thesevalues in relation to the control group of chicks remained belowthe
significance level of 5 %. The results presented here alsoindicate that
weight gain in chicks, feeded with thiram inconcentration of 10 and 50 ppm,
and food conversion was poorer.The gonadotoxicity of thiram is especially
unfavourable, what isprooved by significantly lower values of the relative
andapsolute weights of testes in the experimental chicks.
Keywords: thiram, fattening chicks, poysubstrate monooxygenases of liver, cytochrom P-450, haevy metal: copper, zinc
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Effect of TMTD on biotransformation capacity of liver and
the content of copper and zinc in hen embryos
- Authors:
- Kanižaj, Višnja (199233)
- Sakar, Darko (64040)
- Pompe-Gotal, Jelena (38063)
Journal: Praxis veterinaria
Number: 1-2
ISSN: 0350-4441
Volume: 42
Year: 1994
Pages: from 57 to 64
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The effect of tiramon biotransformation capacity of liner
and the content of copper and zinc in the tissues of hen embryos was
examined. In 18 day old embryos, three days after the application of
thiram, the content of cyt. P-450 and activity of ethylmorphin
N-demethylase and anilin hydroxylase were measured. At the same time, the
content of cooper and zinc inthe tissues of liver, heart and brain was
determined. It was proved that 10 mg/kg of thiram inhibited the activity of
microsomal monooxygenases, what means that examined doses decreased the
detoxycation capacity of liver in hen embryos. However, the 50 mg/kg of
thiram injected in aerial chamber is the LD70 for 15 day old embryos. Due
to the ability of thiram to chelate copper, this fungicid changed the
content of copper and zinc in tissues of hen embryios. The alternations of
those values, in relation to the control group of embryos, remained below
the significance level of 5%.
- Type of paper
: M.A.
Title: Effect of tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide on
biotransformation capacity of liver and the content of copper and zinc in
fattening chicks and hen embryos
Faculty: Veterinarski fakultet Zagreb
Date of defense: 04/16/93
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 102
Summary: The sublethal toxicity of sintetic chelator
chemicalstetramethyl-thiuram disulfide was investigated by determining
theactivity of some microsomal enzymes in fattening chicks and henembryos.
From 14th - 28th day, chicks were fed whit usual foodwhich contained
propylene glycol as a carier and thiram inconcentrations of 10 and 50 ppm.
Control group were fed whit foodcontaining only propylene glycol. All the
broilers were killedwhen where 28 days old. After that, the content of cyt.
P-450,activity of N-demethylation of ethylmorphine and hydroxylation
ofanilene was measured. At the same time, the content of copper andzinc in
the tissues of liver, kidney, heart and testes wasdetermined, as well as,
the relative testes weight, foodconversion and gain weight. In 18 day old
embryos, tree daysafter the applications of thiram was measured the
activity ofmicrosomal monooxygenases and the content of copper and zinc
inheart and brain tissues. It was prooved taht thiram inconcentration of 10
ppm induced, whereas in greater (50 ppm)inhibited the activity of
microsomal enzymes. In the same way,the results indicate that the thiram of
10 mg/kg decreaseddetoxication capacity of the liver in hen embryos.
However, the50 mg/kg of thiram injected in aerial chamber represents the
LD70for 15 day old embryos. Due to the ability of thiram to chelatecopper,
this fungicid changed the content of copper and zinc intissues of chicks
and hen embryos. The alterations of thesevalues in relation to the control
group of chicks remained belowthe significance level of 5 %. The results
presented here alsoindicate that weight gain in chicks, feeded whit thiram
inconcentration of 10 and 50 ppm, and food conversion was poorer.The
gonadotoxicity of thiram is especially unfavourable, what isprooved by
significantly lower values of the relative andapsolute weights of testes in
the experimental chicks.
Keywords: thiram, fattening chicks and hen embryos, polysubstrate monooxygenases of liver and cytochrome P-450, haevy metal - copper and zinc.