SVIBOR - Project code: 4-01-039

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Strossmayerov trg 4, HR - 10000 ZAGREB
tel.: +385 1 459 44 44, fax: +385 1 459 44 69
E-mail: ured@znanost.hr

SVIBOR

SVIBOR - Collecting Data on Projects in Croatia

Project code: 4-01-039


GENETIC CONTROL OF MAJOR MAIZE DISEASES


Main researcher: PALAVERŠIĆ, BRANKO (73714)


Assistants
Type of research: applied
Duration from: 04/30/91. to 04/30/94.
Papers on project (total): 20
Institution name: B.C.Institut za oplemenjivanje i proizvodnju bilja, Zagreb (106)
Department/Institute: Maize Department
Address: Marulićev trg 5/I
City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia
Communication
Phone: 385 (0) 1 4559-200
Phone: 385 (0) 1 750-311
Fax: 385 (0) 1 446-645
Fax: 385 (0) 1 750-523
Summary: During the five years of monitoring maize diseases at 7 locations in Croatia, no new disease was found. The new pathotype Exserohilum turcicum - race 2. Because of the drought in 1992, 1993 and 1994, attack of leaf diseases was poor while relatively severe attack of E. turcicum was recorded in the wet 1995 season. Bipolaris zeicola was the most frequently occurring pathogen on leaves. The applied methods of artificial infection in a series of trials with 50-75 lines and 175 hybrids from FAO group 100-700 were successful so the resistant and susceptible genotypes could be distinguished. Several trials were made diallel analysis under conditions of artificial infection with C. graminicola., F. graminearum and F. moniliforme. The highest degree of resistance to Fusarium and anthracnose stalk rot was exhibited by lines with good combining ability: Bc 70152, Bc 70153, Bc 24331, Bc 31002, Rx-115-01-869, Rx 2020A-81, and Bc 703-19. Susceptible to ear rot under conditions of artificial infection with F. graminearum were lines: Bc 7273, Bc 14478, and Bc 21267. Susceptible to northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) were Bc 402, Bc 741-5, Bc 747-8, Bc 73153, Bc 14165, Rx 405-5, and Rx 01-3784-860. The line Bc 10 was found to be a source of monogenic resistance to leaf anthracnose. Resistance to anthracnose stalk rot in the lines Bc 10 and Zp 4 is inherited polygenically. Combining abilities and heritability for callogenesis were estimated of both immature and mature maize embryos grown in vitro. Significant GCA and SCA ere found which suggest that callogenesis is genetically controlled by both additive and non-additive gene effects, and cytoplasmic gene effects are also essential. Coefficient of heritability suggests that callogenesis is a highly heritable trait.

Keywords: maize, lines, hybrids, disease monitoring, substrate, inoculum, artificial infection, scales, resistance testing, Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris zeicola, Fusarium graminearum, Colletotrichum graminicola, Fusarium moniliforme, sources of resistance, mode of inheritance, breeding for resistance, callogenesis, growing embryo in vitro, somaclonal selection in vitro

Research goals: Program of disease monitoring is used for monitoring the occurrence and spread of known or possibly new diseases or pathotypes (races) in Croatia. The methods accepted worldwide are being applied or the new ones developed for growing the pathogen, for artificial infection and for evaluation of disease development. A large number of maize hybrids is being tested for resistance to the most important leaf, stalk, and ear diseases. Study of the mode of inheritance of resistance to leaf and stalk anthracnose is in progress. Monogenic resistance to Exserohilum turcicum and Colletotrichum graminicola is being incorporated into a large number of susceptible lines with good combining ability. Emphasis is placed on breeding for resistance to the most important diseases by applying effective methods for inoculum production, artificial infection and infection evaluation. By knowing the degree of resistance of lines and hybrids to major diseases it is possible to select the most resistant lines for the new breeding programs, as well as the susceptible lines with good combining ability whose resistance needs improvement. By incorporating genes - the carriers of resistance - into the elite lines, their resistance to diseases will be improved, losses reduced, and, thus, yields increased. The objective was to test heritability, GCA and SCA for maize callogenesis in vitro, to grow callus lines, which was acomplished, and proceed with the investigations of somaclonal selection of callus lines resistant to certain pathotoxins.

COOPERATION - PROJECTS


  1. Name of project: Sistemi ratatske proizvodnje i alternativni zahvati u tehnologiji
    Name of institution: Agronomski fakultet, Zavod za specijalnu proizvodnju bilja
    City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia

COOPERATION - INSTITUTIONS


  1. Name of institution: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
    Type of institution: Economical/Production
    City: 24061-0331 - Blacksburg, SAD

  2. Name of institution: Istituto tossine e micotossine da parassiti vegetali
    Type of institution: University/Faculty
    City: 70125 - Bari, Italija

  3. Name of institution: MTA Mezogazdasagi Kutato Intezet
    Type of institution: University/Faculty
    City: Martonvasar, Mađarska

  4. Name of institution: ZEAINVENT
    Type of institution: University/Faculty
    City: Trnava, Slovačka

  5. Name of institution: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
    Type of institution: State administration
    City: Rim, Italija
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