SVIBOR - Project code: 4-04-097

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Project code: 4-04-097

GENETICAL VERIFICATION OF PHENOTYPES IN THE SEED ORCHARDND IN WALNUT TRIALS BY PROGENY TESTING

Main researcher: MRVA, FRANC (32595)

Assistants

Type of research: applied
Duration from: 01/01/91. to 12/31/94.

Papers on project (total): 9
Papers on project quoted in Current Contents: 4

Institution name: Šumarski institut, Jastrebarsko (24)
Department/Institute: Department for forest tree breeding and seed husbandry
Address: Cvjetno naselje 41,Jastrebarsko
City: 10420 - Jastrebarsko, Croatia

Communication: Phone: 385 (041) 831 022; Fax: 385 (041) 831 493

Summary: This is a typical tree breeding project composed of two parts;The first part of the project includes genetic verification of phenotypically selected clones in the existing seed orchards(14,2 ha), establishment of new seed orchards and individual phenotypic selection. Replicated field progeny test of Austrian pine on two localities (Pazin and Jastrebarsko) was established for genetic verification.On each locality there are about 1750 plants from 53 seed samples of selected clones and samples of parent populations. Nursery progeny test of selected clones from European larch seed orchard near Bjelovar was established in Institute in Jastrebarsko.Test consists of 92 seed samples of selected clones and parent populations (control samples).This test was accepted as master degree work for ing. Z. Perić. This nursery test was translocated in 1995th on 4 ecologically different localities. In both tests evident differences were registered in height growth and in the ocurrence of inbreeding depression. In the 5-year period, 5103 grafts have been produced from previous and current graftings for 10-12 ha of new seed orchards.Grafting incompatibility was researched on three conifer species. The findings as well as results of flowering in seed orchard of Austrian pine, were presented on IUFRO Meeting in Finland in 1991.(S2.04-02, S2-02-16). In the National park of Calabria 32 plus trees of Calabrian pine were selected and scions for grafting from 25 trees were taken and 521 grafts were obtained. The other part of the project is dealing with study of variability of Persian walnut in generative plantations.4 yields (1992 to 1995) were carefully registered and compared to 1989 yield. Considerable differences were noted regarding growth, size of fruits, phenophases of flushing and susceptibility to diseases, between and within progenies.

Keywords: Individual selection, vegetative propagation, seed orchards, progeny testing, fruitfulness, graft incompatibility.

Research goals: The most important objective of research in seed orchards is the obtaining seed of better genetic and physiological quality than the seed from seed stands and managed forests. This can be achieved by genetic verification of selected clones in orchards by nursery and field progeny tests. The value of future forests can be increased quantitatively and qualitatively by genetically improved seed. Genetic gain is manifested either by the increment volume of wood or technical (explorable) value of future forests. Since that selection of superior phenotypes cloned by grafting in seed orchards was performed on several traits, qualitative improvement of forests for at least 10%,and 5-10% in volume of wood can be expected. Considerably high costs of investing into seed orchards,is partially justified by the improvement of physiological seed qualities, of which germinability is the most important. By genetical diversity of selected clones germinability could be enhance in our seed orchards for at least 10%. The second important objective in seed orchards is higher seed crop since the conditions in the orchard are for fruitfullnes more favourable than in the forest. This is achieved by studying potential capability of clones for fructification in longer periods.Identification of clones of high and low yield is an important finding for the establishment of new and better seed orchards. Third important objective is the preservation of of qualitative gene pool.The most important objective on breeding of Persian walnut is to discover new varieties by studying of variability in progeny tests which will exhibit good growth, resistance to diseases and pests,to the frost and which will yield high quality crops which is important for forestry, but also for agriculture. There are promising walnuts which would be tested by further research as new walnut sorts.

Other information about the project.


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Last update: 10/12/95
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