SVIBOR - Project code: 4-99-083

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Project code: 4-99-083

INTEGRAL TECHNIQE IN PLANT PRODUCTION

Main researcher: ČULJAT, MILE (8543)

Assistants

DUVNJAK, VINKO (101204)

Type of research: applied
Duration from: 01/01/91. to 12/31/95.

Papers on project (total): 0

Institution name: Poljoprivredni institut, Osijek (73)
Department/Institute: Department of agricultural engineering
Address: Ju-no predgrađe 17 , stan: Vijenac Kraljeve Sutjeske 9
City: 31000 - Osijek, Croatia

Communication: Phone: 385 (31) 126 553; Phone: 385 (31) 172 320 (stan); Fax: 385 (31) 126 553; Phone: 385 (31) 164 855; Fax: 385 (31) 126 553

Summary: Land cultivation is the main user of the farming machinery.In the period from 1968 up to now the agricultural soil has been seriously damaged by uncritical usage of ever bigger machines, not only by the engine power, but also by their weight and their single-operational effect.The soil structure can be considerably improved by using integrated sets of machinery.In the course of the next 3-5 years its natural rythm is restored as well as the intensive life of the useful microflora and macrofauna, and the yield is not endangered. On the contrary, the yields increase and approach the biological potential of particular crops and their varietes.ITBP Project has activated a series of changes in the crop production.Small enterprises are too restricted for the contemporary farming methods and technologies. With the aid of the contemporary technical means one worker can till 200-500 ha of the arable land, as the integration of machinery and machine assemblies leads to better productivity, the peak workloads disappear and substantially diminsh respectively.Soil densification is reduced as well as the need for its loosening. The plough is often substituted by conservation tillage attachments.New farming methods and technologies make the fifty-percent fuel consumption reduction possible, and eliminate the danger of underground water pollution with nitrates, other salts and pesticides owing to precise fertilization and the precise application of pesticides. After several years of reduced or adjusted tillage and the application of the integral technique the soil is nearing its natural state. Its fertile potential does not diminish, it is rather controlled, rationally backed-up by fertilizing and effectively used. The yealds approach the biological potential of the crops and their varietes. The machines meeting the ITBP criteria vere presented in public, thus inviting new and extended machinery and integrated machine assemblies respectively capable of more farming and/or tilling operations in a single pass. Considering great ignorance, fear of everything new and caution, the research results are to be elaborated and published as a text-book or a Monography.

Keywords: Plant processing integral technique, cultivation system, primary cultivation, secondary cultivation, conventional tillage with ploughing, conservation tillage without ploughing, cultivation with stuuble cultivatior, cultivation with topsoil cultivator, cultivation without chisel plough, operations, drilling, sequens of operations, combine

Research goals: The problems of the big farm crop production registered duringthe eighties: - The stagnation of the crop yields in spite of the introductionof more productive varietes and hybrids. - The continous engagement of more and more kWhs or work persurface and production unit: the forcible tillage methods bringnothing but bad results. - Each day the soil is more dense and dead; earthwormsdisappeared. - The lack of ecpected results in spite of increasing thefertilizer dosage. - The crops in the field iridesce in different colours, fromfamished yellow to overfed green-azure; the application ofpesticides and weedkillers becomes dangerous for persons handlingthe cemicals and the equipment; the fields seem burnedlike; mostheadlands have burned areas. - Combines scatter too much of the crop yield around. - Combines are being followed around the field by varioustransport vehicles, even lorries/trucks with pneumatics pumped upto 5 or even 7 bar; those wheels behave like steel disks orrollers which destroy the natural soil structure. - The fuel consumption increased up to values between 130 and 180l/ha instead of being maintained at the reasonable 50 to 80 l/ha. - Each season the crop production continues to be more expencive;the use of more powerfula and more effective machines is notfollowed by the greater and better productivity; the number offollowed by the greater and better productivity; the number ofworkers needed for the production is not cut down, on thecontrary, it increases. - The farming enterprises don't have working assets; the lifegoes on on credits and each available credit is welcome; - The amounts needed to pay the interes usually exceed five toten times those for the gross wages. The research should explain the crop production problemsregistered during the eighties. Afterwards, each explainedproblem becomes a task. The project research targer is to reveal and clarify thetechnical aspects of the resulting tasks. The followingassumptions will be used as starting points: It is possible to solve most of the problems by using modernintegrated machine assemblies capable of more particularagrotechnical operations in one single pass. Indeed, to combineevery technologically possible agrotechnical operation into onepass simultaneously is the target. As for those agrotechnical operations which will remain to becarried out as single-operational passes, i.e. the application ofmineral fertilizers and pesticides, the direct drilling and theharvesting, there remains the task to find ways to increase thework precision and lower the losses.

COOPERATION - PROJECTS

Name of project: Razvoj industrije poljoprivrednih strojeva u Republici Hrvatskoj
Name of institution: Poljoprivredni institut Osijek
City: 31000 - Osijek, Croatia

COOPERATION - INSTITUTIONS

Name of institution: Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku Mađarske
Type of institution: State institute
City: Godolo, Mađarska

Other information about the project.


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