- Type of paper
: Paper in book
Title: The reactions of children - refugees to the war stress
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
- Editors
- Ajduković, Dean
Publisher: Alinea
Year: 1993
Pages: from 66 to 75
Number of references: 30
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Three groups of children have been assessed:
refugee-childrenplaced with their mothers, refugee-children displaced with
noparents and domestic children living in a war safe zone. Allthree groups
of children manifest similar level of depressivesymptoms, but significantly
higher comparing to the same agegroup of children assessed before the war
in Croatia. Both groupsof refugee children have higher results on the
Hopelessness Scalefor Children, comparing to the domestic children. It is
foundthat the children with the more depressive symptoms and morenegative
perception of their future have worse school grades. Therole of the
perceived social support have been considered ininterpreting the results.
Refugee children placed without parentsperceive the highest level of social
support comparing to othertwo groups. The result is explained within
earlier data aboutemotional reactions of children to the war stress.
Theexplanation is primarily found in parents' preoccupation withtheir own
worries and problems, due to which they are not readyto give necessary
support to their children.
Keywords: war stress, children, depressive reactions, parents
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Semantic features of mood items and basic dimensions of
mood
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Vukmirović, Žarko
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 61 to 74
Number of references: 37
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The set of 48 verbal descriptors of emotional states were
used for self-report mood in seven different situations. The same set of
verbal items were rated on 14 scales of semantic differential by
independent subjects. Results show that this set of verbal items may be
adequately reduced on two dimensions of meaning; evaluation and activation.
The third dimension of meaning, potency, was not confirmed, wich is in
accord with the investigation of the structure of emotional experience. For
three hypotetic structures of mood, congruency coefficient between
structures obtained on the basis of semantic similarity of items and
structures obtained by self-reported mood in seven different situations,
were calculated. Results show that congruence between equivalent structures
obtained by semantic analysis of items and self-reported mood primarily
depend on broadness and generality of the mood dimensions, and it was the
highest for two-dimensional structure, positive and negative emotions. On
the basis of these results, we may conclude that the hierarchical structure
of emotional experience was satisfactorily represented in semantic
relations among verbal descriptors.
Keywords: semantics, item-analysis, dimensionality of moods, psychometrics
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Psychology in democracy
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 1 to 6
Number of references: 15
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Man's psychological world and his behaviour are parts of
anopen system that is constantly adapting to continuous changes
ofecological, social, cultural, political, and technologicalprogress. Along
with attempts to explain and predictpsychological phenomena, the function
of psychology is also toreveal the main social conditions for human changes
towardspersonal growth, and for the progress of human social andnatural
environment. Pychologists in democratic societies areresponsible for the
promotion of human rights, and the creationof social conditions for the
realization of human potentialities.In this article the system of
humanistic values and relateddemocratic norms are set out. According to the
author, thesevalues are the core ingredients of personal and
professionalethical attitude about man, life, and the world,
whichpsychologists should accept.
Keywords: psychology, ethical principles, humanistic values, democracy, human rights
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Self-esteem and perceived self-competence
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 7 to 12
Number of references: 20
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that
thedimension of competence has been one of the major components
ofself-esteem. This hypothesis was tested by relating the
RosenbergSelf-esteeem scale and Global self-incompetence scale
(Bezinović,1987). Although the content analysis indicated that the
scaleswere apparently different, factor analysis revealed the evidencethat
this two constructs were substantially related. Resultsindicated that
perceived cpmpetence could be the basic dimensionof self-esteem.
Keywords: self-esteem, perceived self-competence, self-concept
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Depressive symptoms among psychiatric and somatic patients
- Authors:
- Anić, Nada (143405)
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 1 to 5
Number of references: 16
Language: engleski
Summary: Beck Depression Inventory has been applied with four groups
ofpatients: two groups of psychiatric patients (83 schizophrenicin-patients
and 102 neurotic patients enrolled in grouppsychotherapy on the out-patient
basis), and two groups ofsomatic patients (103 patients on hemodialysis and
105 coronarypatients). The results showed higher depressive symptoms
amongthe patients in each group, compared with the existing norms.There is
higher prevalence among the psychiatric patients incomparison with the
somatic patients, but no significantdifference among the specific subgroups
in each of them. Therewas no age or sex effect on the BDI score.
Keywords: BDI, dialysis, coronary disease, psychiatric patients
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Self-esteem and the rating of student's behaviour
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 7 to 11
Number of references: 9
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Relationship between student's self-esteem and
teacher'sestimation of some aspects of their behaviour were
examined.Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale were administered to the sample
of1283 10-year old pupils. The same students were evaluated bytheir master
teachers on the Student's Behaviour Rating Scale.Results support the
hypothesis that self-esteem is significantlycorrelated with teacher's
evaluation of student's behavior. Highself-esteem and positive teacher's
evaluation are also highlycorrelated with student's academic success.
Results are discussedin terms of significance of positive self-evaluation
for studentsadjustment, and further implications for education and
humanpotential realization.
Keywords: self-esteem, rating of students' behaviour, self-concept
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Self-perception of physiological reactions as an indicator
of dominant emotional states
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 13 to 18
Number of references: 28
Language: hrvatski
Summary: This research examines the possibility of using verbal
indicators of perception of individual physiological states as the indirect
measure of dominant emotional states. 405 adult volunteers participated
during a personality development training. The subjects were divided into
two discrete groups, assording to a self-rating of dominant emotional
states. With the discriminant analysis a set of 32 descriptors of
physiological states was reduced to the smaller set of 13 physiological
scales which were the best discriminators of the two groups of subjects.
This linear combination of physiological indicators has a high internal
consistency, and is a reliable measure of the perception of one's own
physiological functioning. On the basis of these results, it is concluded
that such verbal expression could serve as a valid indirect measure of
dominant emotions (hedonic tone).
Keywords: perception of physiological reactions, emotional states
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Self-concept and the structure of emotions
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 19 to 23
Number of references: 24
Language: engleski
Summary: The basic starting points of the research were that (1) the
self-concept is closely related to emotional functioning of human being,
and that (2) emotions can be treated like traits and personality patterns.
An instrument for measuring the eight primary emotions according to
Plutchik (acceptance, anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and
surprise) was constructed. It was used to investigate the relation between
self-concept and emotional structure. The above mentioned emotional
dimensions were related to some aspects of self-evaluation (self-esteem,
perception of incompetence, fear of negative evaluation, external locus of
control). According to the results of the factor analysis three distinctive
factors emerged. The self-concept dimension was conceptually different from
the emotional system, which was divided into two dimensions -positive and
negative emotions. Negative aspects of self were closely associated to the
dimension of negative emotions. Practically it means that individuals with
lower level of self-evaluation are more likely to experience negative
emotions. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of self-system for the
quality of human adjustment.
Keywords: self-esteem, self-concept, competence, externality, fear of negative evaluation
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Laboratory techniques for induction of emotional states
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 43 to 52
Number of references: 43
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Different techniques for laboratory induction of emotional
states and their efficacy are presented. Main inadequacies of these
procedure are reviewed which are primarily related with their demand
characteristics, external validity and the structure of induced emotional
states. Although these techniques have many problems, it could be said that
they are mainly efficacious, and cause emotional change which are similar
with naturally occuring emotional states.
Keywords: mood induction, music, hypnosis, expressive behaviour
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Methodological and theoretical implications of the
measuring dimensions of emotional experiencing
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Bezinović, Petar
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 53 to 60
Number of references: 44
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Some conceptual and methodological problems related to the
measuring of different dimensions of emotional experiencing were explored.
Primary emotions (acceptance, disgust, anger, fear, joy, and sadness) were
selected according to Plutchik's assumptions, and were measured by Likert
type scales consisting adequate adjectives. The scales were applied to the
sample of 371 university students, showing high internal consistency. As
the primary emotions were significantly correlated, two second order,
relatively independent factors were extracted. These factors were
correspondent to the dimensions of Positive and Negative affect. Results
show the importance of hedonic tone as the dominant emotional
characteristic.
Keywords: scale construction, emotions, methodological problems
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The relationship between (non)stereotyped sex-role
orientations and some components of self-concept
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 151 to 157
Number of references: 32
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The goal of this research was to investigate the relation
betweensex role orientation and components of self-concept. Research
hasbeen guided by three models: the traditional congruence modelwhich holds
that psychological well-being is fostered only whenone's sex role
orientation is congruent with one's gender; theandrogyny model which
proposes that well-being is maximized whenone's sex role orientation
incorporates a high degree of bothmasculinity and femininity, and the
empirically based masculinitymodel which posits that well-being is a
function of the extentto which one has masculine sex role orientation. The
resultsof this researsh (hold on 330 college students - 129 male and201
female) were supportive of the masculinity model and additiveconception of
androgyny model, because masculinitycharacteristics were stronger and more
consistent related withcriterium measures than femininity characteristics.
Femininitycharacteristics are also significantly related to
criteriummeasures and they independently contribute to higher degree
ofself-concept in general.
Keywords: masculinity, femininity, androgyny, sex-roles, self-concept, gender
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Construction and validation of sex-role orientation scale
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 159 to 164
Number of references: 21
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Because of the differences in the contents of gender
stereotypes found in different cultures, new sex role orientation scale,
one that would be appropriate for our population, was developed. New scale
consists of two subscales, masculinity and femininity subscale, whose
reliability coefficients (Cronbach alpha) are .90 and .85, respectively.
The scale includes some features specific for our cultural milieu.
Interrelations between masculinity and femininity scores and some sex typed
preferences and behaviors were examined, to determine predictive value of
masculinity and femininity scale. The results show that femininity scale
has good predictive value for sex typed preferences and behaviors, but
masculinity scale doesn't show such a consistent pattern of results.
Keywords: scale construction, femininity, masculinity, sex-role orientation
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Description of the Child depression scale
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 173 to 179
Number of references: 31
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The Croatian version of the Kovacs' Child Depression
Inventoryhas been presented as a useful instrument for the early
detectionof depressive symptoms among elementary school children (as agood
screening measure). The inventory has a good internalconsistency (Cronbach
alpha = .82) and it is able todifferentiate the children who are seeking
professional help inmental health facilities from the control group of
children. Theaffect of the children's age is significant (older children
havehigher results), but there is no significant effect of thechildren's
sex. A trend toward more depressive symptoms amonggirls was found only in
the group of older children.
Keywords: children, depression, depression scale
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The children and youth exposed to the war stress
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 181 to 185
Number of references: 13
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The range of the research results and experience on the
possibleimpact of the war stress on childrens psychological functioningwas
described. The most common reactions of children at differentage groups
were considered (from preschool to late adolescence).The suggestions for
recommended reactions toward children werepresented, to lessen the possible
negative consequences ofdifferent traumatic experiences that children had
been exposedto.
Keywords: war, stress, children, adolescents
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Negative emotional reactions in displaced children
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 187 to 192
Number of references: 17
Language: engleski
Summary: Two groups of Croatian children, refugees and local
children,were assessed for their psychological status. Both groups
showedmore depressive symptoms in comparison with the children of thesame
age assessed before the war in Croatia. The war stress had a
negative impact on the emotional functioning of all children,with displaced
children manifesting more negative emotions,especially sadness and fear.
The findings on poor knowledge ofboth parents' and teachers' about their
children's mood deservespecial attention because of the increased risk for
the children.This phenomenon is more obvious in the group of
displacedchildren. Consideration shoud be given to working with theparents,
and not just the children, in order to promotechildren's mental health.
Keywords: emotional reactions, refugees, displaced children, war stress
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Dispositional and situational coping inventory and it's
psychometric properties
- Authors:
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 43 to 61
Number of references: 68
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop the Croatian inventory
for assessing different strategies that people use when under stress, and
to compare it to the inventory named Coping Orientation to Problems
Experienced (COPE) - a translataion of the multidimensional measures of
coping by Carver, Scheier and Weintraub (1989) which was used as the basis
for construing the new inventory, along with the two scales specific for
Croatian respondents. Results were obtained on the sample of undergraduate
students (N=403) at the University of Rijeka, analyzed and than compared to
the dispositional version of the original COPE inventory. The second part
of the study investigates the relations between dimensions of coping
measured by the new inventory, some relevant traits and aspects of the
self-concept, as well as with the measure of the perceived social support
on the sample of the urban, well educated, employed women from towns Zagreb
and Rijeka, and the University students sample. In the third part of this
study the results obtained in the dispositional form of the inventory are
compared to the agregated measure of the three situational versions of the
same inventory.
Keywords: coping styles, stress,
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The structure of mood and its measurement
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 63 to 80
Number of references: 107
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Investigations of mood structure are to be found in the
frame of two empirical and theoretical conceptions. The first includes a
number of so called primary emotions, and the second is primarily directed
to a small number of mood dimensions. Different multifactorial conceptions
reflect the quality of experiencing mood better, and are often more
applicable in clinical and research domains when compared with dimensional
models of mood structure, which, in turn, have better integrative and
heuristical usefulness, because they make generating testable predictions
about mood effects on different kinds of behaviours, and economical
organization of large number of facts about moods possible. In the frame of
both aforementioned approach, the most important models of mood structure,
as well as some problems with regard of mood measuring, is presented.
Different conceptions about dynamic features of mood (mood variability,
mood intensity) are also presented. As a conclusion, the need for using the
other measures of mood (different behavioral and physiological measures,
mood sensitive tasks) together with self report, and mood structure which
would adequately integrate the structure of actual mood with it's dynamic
characteristics, is emphasized.
Keywords: mood structure, mood measurement, mood scales, mood intensity, mood variability
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The relationship of extraversion and neuroticism with the
multidimensional model of mood structure
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 81 to 90
Number of references: 43
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The relationship of extraversion and neuroticism with
emotional states of joy, sadness, fear, anger, acceptance and rejection, as
well as with two second order dimensions of mood, positive and negative
mood, were examined. Results show that extraversion is primarily correlated
with positive emotional states and neuroticism with negative, on both
hierarchical levels of mood dimensions. Two dimensions of personality and
multidimensional model of mood structure show high degree of structural
overlap. Two-dimensional space, extraversion-positive moods and
neuroticism-negative moods, represents a good frame of reference for common
description of personality and emotional states. Examination of differences
in positive and negative mood between four types of personality shows that
emotional unstable introverts have the worst emotional structure and stable
extroverts have the best, having in mind hedonic tone of mood. Emotional
unstable extroverts and stable introverts have emotional structure with
both kind of mood, positive and negative.
Keywords: extraversion, introversion, neroticism, mood structure
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Five-factor model of personality structure: Item selection
in croatian language
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 91 to 100
Number of references: 51
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The aim of this study is to develop an instrument for
measuring different aspects of personality relating to the Croatian
language and following the so-called lexical approach. Factor analysis of
verbal items - personality-descriptive adjectives used in everyday language
- showed the emergence of five factors. These factors show a substantial
correspondence with basic personality dimensions within the lexical
approach, obtained in other languages, and they are interpreted and
labelled according to their original names: Emotional Stability (F1),
Extraversion (F2), Agreeableness (F3), Conscientiousness (F4), and
Intellect/Opennes to Experience (F5). Beside the confirmation of the
five-factor structure, the results show certain specificities in the
Croatian language. Deviations from the original English structure primarily
concern the order of factors and their contents. All developed self-ratings
scales have satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha). This is a
preliminary version of the scale, since it will be modified and changed,
and it could serve as a descriptive taxonomy for developing new instruments
for a more detailed investigation of certain aspects of personality
structure.
Keywords: five-factor model, personality structure, descriptors, croatian language, lexical approach
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Emotional reactivity: A validity study
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Tićac, Koraljka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-180X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 101 to 113
Number of references: 33
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Emotional reactivity represents a measure of intensity with
which people experience emotional states. Some previous theoretical and
empirical conceptions have shown that emotional reactivity represents
relatively stable individual differences in emotional reactions regardless
of their hedonic tone. Factor analysis of translated and adapted version of
AIM shows that there is not only one major dimension that underlies the
28-item set, but three. These factors differ between each other in hedonic
tone as well as activation. This structure is considered in the context of
the current dimensional conceptions of mood structure and some
physiological and neuroanatomic mechanisms which underlie emotional
functioning. The construct validity of emotional reactivity components is
examined in three different ways. Firstly, the relationship of these
components and different dimensions of emotional experiences derived on the
bases of interindividual variability was investigated. Secondly, the
relationship of the same components of emotional reactivity with the
intensity and variability of intraindividual emotional changes, and thirdly
with Eysenck dimensions of personality, were determined. The validity of
emotional reactivity components is considered satisfactory, since, on the
basis of them, the intensity and variability of emotional changes, but
depending on their hedonic tone, could be predicted.
Keywords: emotional reactivity, factor structure, mood intensity, mood variability
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Psychoneuroimmunology
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-180X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 143 to 150
Number of references: 53
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Psychoneuroimmunology describes a new multidisciplinary
area ofresearch that has as its focus the dynamic interactions
amongbehavioral factors, the central nervous system, the endocrine andthe
immune system. The goal of this research is to provide acomprehensive
understanding of the role of psychosocial,neuroendocrine and immunologic
factors in provoking illness. Thisarticle provides a brief overview of the
history and currentstatus of the psychoneuroimmunology research, as well
asspeculation on likely future directions.
Keywords: psychoneuroimmunology, illness, health
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Depression in children and youth
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 151 to 164
Number of references: 121
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The manifestations of depression and depressive disorders
aredescribed with the main etiologic approaches. Data on theprevalence of
childhood depression, related factors andcomorbidity with other
psychopathology are presented. The specialemphasis have been given to the
psychosocial functioning ofdepressed children, the developmental changes
and sex differencesin the structure of depression. The main assessment
techniquesfor childhood depression have been also described. The
typicalcourse and outcome, expected prognosis of childhood depressionwith
some basic treatment approaches are given at the end of thepaper.
Keywords: depression, childhood, adolescence
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Negative perception of the future: The hopelessness scale
for children
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 165 to 172
Number of references: 41
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The concept of hopelessness in children and its
relationship withsuicidality, depression and children self-concept have
beenexplained. Shortened and adapted version of the HopelessnessScale for
Children (Kazdin et al., 1986) have been described,with the item analysis
and the factor structure of the scale. Therelationship of the hopelessness
results with the childrenself-esteem, depression and the perception of
social support havebeen presented. Some suggestions for the preventive use
of thescale have been given at the end of the paper.
Keywords: perception of future, hopelessness, children
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The analysis of the psychological hot-line
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
- Smojver-Ažić, Sanja (161655)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 173 to 178
Number of references: 8
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The psychological hot-line started in October 1991. It's
firstintention was to provide psychological support and help theadaptation
to the war crisis situation. The analysis after fourmonths work showed
decrease of the calls directly related to thewar situation, from 52% in
October 1991, to 9% in February 1992,with the overall number of calls
increasing. The most oftenreasons for calling the hot-line are: the
communicationsproblems, various fears, anxiety states, depression,
loneliness,general dissatisfaction with life, and the problems of
thechronic psychiatric patients. Women call more often than men (70%of the
cases), basically for their own problems, and sometimesbecause of the
children of other family members. Married peoplecall more often than
single, as well as employed in comparison tounemployed. Related to the age
of the client, the most frequentare the middle age callers (between 30 and
50). Children callextremely rarely (1% of all calls). The age difference
betweenmen and women have been noticed. The most frequent age groupamong
men is under 30, and among women between 30 and 50. Thereis no significant
difference between men and women, related tothe reasons for making a call.
Keywords: telephone, psychological help, crisis intervention, hot-line
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Itme analysis of the test of school maturity
- Authors:
- Vukmirović, Žarko
- Hadžiselimović, Dževdet
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 2
Year: 1993
Pages: from 179 to 188
Number of references: 14
Language: hrvatski
Keywords: test, maturity, abilities, school children
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The content of gender stereotypes - A comparative study
- Authors:
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
Journal: Godišnjak Zavoda za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 1
Year: 1992
Pages: from 37 to 42
Number of references: 10
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The content of gender stereotypes was examined on
therepresentative sample of citizens from city Rijeka (N=679), andwas
compared with western countries' gender stereotypes using thecheck-list
technique. The results suggest that our subjects didnot differentiate
between men and women to the degree that wasexpected according to the
content of western gender stereotypes.On the contrary, the results speak
more about the influence thatgeneral as well as actual social values have
on theconceptualization of men and women in our society. There are
someinteresting differences found in the contents of genderstereotypes
regarding the sex of subjects, pointing to the factthat men and women
perceive members of the opposite sex more interms of traditional gender
stereotypes than same sex members.
Keywords: gender stereotypes, crosscultural comparison
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The relations between different dynamic features of mood
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 57 to 72
Number of references: 64
Language: hrvatski
Summary: On the sample of 71 subjects the relations between
different dynamic features of positive and negative mood and their lower
order factors are examined, using idiographic - nomothetic approach.
Regarding average intraindividual mood, obtained results show that lower
order mood factors are highly correlated within two categories of hedonic
tone. The results also show rather strong tendency toward variability which
is mainly independent from hedonic tone. These results confirm assumption
about one general factor of affective variability. The relation between
average mood and variability shows that subjects with higher variability of
negative mood have also higher average negative and lower positive mood.
The dependency of mood across time examined by autocorrelations shows that
both higher and lower order mood dimensions are low dependent across time.
However, within the same category of hedonic tone mood dimensions are also
highly correlated regarding day-to-day dependency. Cross-correlations
between higher order positive and negative mood dimensions are highly
negative, but only within one day. These two dimensions are independent
with the lag of one day. The implications of these results for further
clarifications of different mood regulations mechanisms and traditional
mood measurement procedures are discussed.
Keywords: intraindividual mood changes, positive mood, negative mood, average mood, mood variability, autocorrelations, cross-correlations
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: The relationship between Eysenck's personality traits,
coping styles and moods
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 97 to 106
Number of references: 42
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of
Eysenck's personality traits on coping styles and moods as well as the
effects of coping styles on moods. On the sample of 177 subjects Eysenck's
Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), a Coping Orientation to Problems
Experienced questionnaire (COPE) and mood scale aimed at assessing the
usual positive and negative moods were administered. The results obtained
show a strong direct effects of Eysenck's personality traits on positive
and negative moods, while their effects on coping styles in stressful
situations were considerably lower. Coping styles, especially avoidance and
problem-focused, contribute to the emotional outcomes directly and
indirectly, mediating the effects of Eysenck's personality traits on moods.
Keywords: Eysenck's personality traits, coping styles, positive mood, negative mood
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Absolute and relative accuracy in the recall of mood
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Tićac, Koraljka
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 107 to 114
Number of references: 51
Language: hrvatski
Summary: On the sample of 69 subjects absolute and relative accuracy
in the recall of mood is examined. Absolute accuracy is operationalized as
difference between average daily assessments of mood for the period of
35-42 days and global mood assessment for this period obtained one week
after finishing daily assessment. Relative accuracy is defined as
correlation between average daily and global mood assessments, and it
reflects rank order stability of subjects, regardless of absolute accuracy.
Statistically significant differences between average daily and global mood
assessments are obtained for higher order positive and negative mood
factors, for all lower order positive mood factors and for sadness as lower
order negative mood factor. Global mood assessments are significantly
higher for these mood dimensions. High and statistically significant
correlations between average daily and global mood assessments are obtained
for all dimensions of mood. These results show satisfactory relative
accuracy in the recall of mood. The results obtained are explained
regarding different operationalizations of dynamic mood dimensions and
processes of mood regulation.
Keywords: recall of mood, absolute accuracy, relative accuracy
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Emotional states and characteristics of personality
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 73 to 96
Number of references: 133
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Relations between emotional states and various
characteristics of personality are reviewed in this article. Theoretical
bases for examination of these relations which originate from some
contemporary theories of emotion and from different conceptualizations of
personality are presented. Relations between various characteristics of
emotional states (intensity, variability) with Eysenck's and five-factor
model of personality structure are showed. The role of cognitive factors
for emotional functioning, especially in the context of some theories of
emotion and self-concept, is presented. Research which suggest that
emotional states are linked with dimensions of cognitive appraisal and
coping styles are also reviewed. Various features of personality are rather
strongly linked with emotional states. However, these relations could be
accomplished in different ways making it difficult to infer about causal
relations. The necessity for examination the whole emotional reaction
(including their intensity, duration, action readiness...) and their
dynamic relationship with personality, especially in the developmental
context, is emphasized. Future research should also take into account
qualitative differences between various affective processes (affect, mood
and emotion), because their cognitive, motivational and behavioral
consequences are very different.
Keywords: emotional states, Eysenck's personality traits, five-factor model, cognitive appraisal, coping styles
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Maturity or readiness for school? Analysis of the validity
and other psychometric properties of the test for the measurement of
construct
- Authors:
- Vukmirović, Žarko
- Hadžiselimović, Dževdet
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 179 to 189
Number of references: 11
Language: hrvatski
Summary: A group test named "Maturity for School Test" was developed
in order to assess the developmental characteristics of children connected
with coping with demands of entering elementary school. Psychometric
properties of this instrument were examined on several samples of children
tested before entering elementary school. Criterion as well as construct
validity was investigated. Prognostic validity for accademic success
measured by separate estimation scales was determined on two successive
samples (N=72 and N=118) reaches reliably the value of .70. When testing
construct validity (N=826), significant relationships with age,
kindergarten attendance, and aglomerational origin was obtained. These
results confirm Piagetian foundation of this test, which means that it is
determined not only by maturation factor but also by interaction of the
child with his environment. That was the reason for changing the title of
the test to "Readiness for School Test". Except the validity, other
psychometric properties of the test were also examined. The reliability
obtained using test-retest method was .87, split-half reliability was .95
and Cronbach-alpha .92. The discriminativity coefficient (Ferguson-delta)
was .95, and objectivity obtained by means of interrater correlation is
.97. Test is appropriate for the children of 6-7 years.
Keywords: readiness for school, validity, reliability, discriminativity, objectivity, intelligence
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Sex differences in sexual self-schema in student sample
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 3
Pages: from 1 to 10
Number of references: 26
Language: hrvatski
Summary: Sexual self-schemas are cognitive generalizations about
sexual aspects of oneself that are derived from past sexual experience,
manifested in current experiences, influental in processing of sexually
relevant social information, and guide sexual behaviour. In the first part
of research, a measures of cognitive self-view of pwn sexuality were
developed (sexual self-consciousness, readiness for sexual action,
inclination to sexual adventurism, the level of negative sexual
emotionality, perception of sexual incompetence, and the level of sexual
well-being). In the second part, interactions between gender and sexual
self-schemas, with mentioned cognitive, and emotional aspects of sexuality
were tested.
Keywords: self-schema, self-concept, sexuality
- Type of paper
: Paper in journal
Title: Depressive symptoms in younger and older boys and girls
- Authors:
- Živčić, Ivanka
Journal: Godišnjak Odsjeka za psihologiju
Number: 1
ISSN: 1330-108X
Volume: 3
Year: 1994
Pages: from 191 to 198
Number of references: 28
Language: hrvatski
Summary: The article deals with the differences in depressive
symptoms among boys and girls in preadolescence and young adolescence. It
was found that older children of both sex are less satisfy with their
school achievement and physical appearance than younger children.
Assessment of age differences separately among girls and among boys shows
that adolescent girls say they more often feel down and they worry more
about their future than younger girls. The same symptoms do not
discriminate between preadolescent and adolescent boys. Besides, the higher
prevalence of depressive mood and stronger decrese in self-esteem in
adolescence can be noticed in girls than in boys.
Keywords: depressive symptoms, children, age, sex
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Emocije i akademsko postignuće kao ishodi suočavanja u
različitim fazama stresne transakcije
- Authors:
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
- Editors
- Hantzi, A.
- Solman, M.
Proceedings title: IV European Congress of Psychology-Abstracts
Language: engleski
Place: Atena, Grčka
Year: 1995
ISBN/ISSN: 960-344-107-4
Pages: from 447 to 447
Meeting: IV European Congress of Psychology
Held: from 07/02/95 to 07/07/95
Summary: On the sample of 147 subjects-candidates for the study of
psychology, coping with stress together with emotional reactions were
examined in four stages during the entrance exam. This is highly selective
procedure, considered very stressful by the candidates. Along with standard
measures of the entrance exam procedure (measures of intelligence,
knowledge and creativeness), coping strategies, cognitive appraisal,
dispositional optimism and emotional reactions were also measured. Changes
in coping strategies, emotional reactions, as well as direct and indirect
effects of optimism, cognitive appraisal and coping strategies on emotional
and academic outcomes were examined (before exam, before the break, after
the written part of exam and before the results were told to subjects).
Results show significant changes in coping strategies (problem-focused,
emotion-focused and disengagement), as well as the change in positive and
negative emotional reactions. Results of several path analyses indicate
that outcome expectations, coping strategies and dispositional optimism
have either direct or indirect effects on the emotional outcomes. However,
coping strategies have much smaller effects when academic success was
considered an outcome, but these effects are different depending on whether
a measures of outcomes were results on the intelligence test or knowledge.
These findings are partly in accord with Lazarus transactional model of
stress and coping and also with structural models of coping.
Keywords: emotions, stress, coping strategies, cognitive appraisal, optimism, academic success
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Konstrukcija i neke psihometrijske karakteristike upitnika
za mjerenje stilova suočavanja
- Authors:
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Vukmirović, Žarko
Proceedings title: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology-Abstracts
Language: engleski
Place: Ljubljana, Slovenija
Year: 1993
Pages: from 22 to 22
Meeting: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology
Held: from 06/02/93 to 06/05/93
Summary: The aim of this study was the development of a coping
inventory in Croatian language to assess the different ways in which people
respond to stress. As the basis for this, COPE - a translation of new
multidimensional measure of coping by Carver, Scheier and Weintraub (1988)
was used, along with the two scales specific for Croatian respondents. The
results were obtained on the sample of undergraduate student at the
University of Rijeka (N=403) and compared to the original COPE inventory.
Keywords: inventory, coping strategies, stress
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Semantička analiza kao osnova za procjenu verbalnih
čestica
- Authors:
- Vukmirović, Žarko
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Editors
- Luccio, R.
Proceedings title: II Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology-Abstracts
Language: engleski
Place: Trst, Italija
Year: 1991
Meeting: II Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology
Held: from 05/30/91 to 06/01/91
Summary: Some recent investigation (Borkenau, 1986, 1987; Semin,
1988, 1989; Smedslund, 1987) point out that semantic analysis of verbal
items in personality questionnaires could provide a relevant basis for
assessing psychometric properties. Earlier surveys of present authors
showed that semantic space of words and phrases describing emotional
states, when measured by semantic differential, can be reduced on two basic
dimensions: evaluation and activation, which confirms the results of
Russell (1978, 1979) and Whissell (1986). On the basis of between-persons
variability in connotative meaning of verbal items defined by these two
dimensions we propose method for assessing, as we called it, "semantic
reliability". In this work some properties of semantic approach are
discussed and compared with reliability based on ordinary approach.
Keywords: emotional states, psychometrics, verbal items, semantic analysis, connotative meaning
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Self-concept, emotional experiencing, and perception of
personal problems among hard drugs users
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
Proceedings title: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology
Language: engleski
Place: Ljubljana, Slovenija
Year: 1993
Pages: from 2 to 3
Meeting: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology
Held: from 06/02/93 to 06/05/93
Summary: The aim of this research was to determine some aspects of
self-concept, emotional experiencing, perception of personal problems, and
some habits of hard drug users.
The research was carried out during a year period in smaller groups, on a
total number of 371 volunteers, participants in a personal growth training.
The subjects were persons with different kinds of psychological problems,
very heterogeneous according to sex, age, and socio-economic status. Among
them were also 100 drug addicts.
At the beginning of the training the self-rating scales were applied which
measured different aspects of self-concept, emotional experiencing, and the
perception of personal problems ofof subjects.
The obtained results show that, compared with control groupm drug users
show significantly lower self-esteem and level of well-being, lower
persistance and determination, and lower level of private
self-consciousness. They express more anger, and less joy and happiness.
Drug users also use significantly more tranquilizers, and they smoke more.
In comparison with the control group, drug addicts are more aware of their
own responsibility and their personal problems, and are more aware of the
problems they cause to their relatives. On the other hand they perceive
their problems as hardly resolvable.
The results indicate a necessary approach oriented towards the improvement
of the self-concept in the drug addicts therapy.
Keywords: self-concept, self-esteem, emotional experiencing, personal problems, hard drugs users
Other:
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Can allergies be explained in terms of
psychoneuroimmunology
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
Proceedings title: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology
Language: engleski
Place: Ljubljana, Slovenija
Year: 1993
Pages: from 55 to 55
Meeting: III Alps-Adria Symposium of Psychology
Held: from 06/02/93 to 06/05/93
Summary: Increasing scientific study and attention is being
directed to mind-body relationship, particularly to the interrelationship
between the brain and the immune system, which creates a new
interdisciplinary field, psychoneuroimmunology. The long-range goal of this
research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role that
behavior might play in promoting health and provoking illness. Furthermore,
work in this area promises to reveal a more unified view of the individual
and the complex intaractions between social, psychological, neural,
endocrinological, immunological, and genetic factors that contribute to
disease.
The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate a possible
interactions between allergies (particularly respiratory allergies which
are the most common) and some aspects of personality and emotional states
as mediators of the illness. Allergy indicates a state of acquired
hypersensitivity, defined as an exaggerated inappropriate immune response.
According to the multifactorial approach to disease allergies have multiple
determinants, interaction between the CNS and the immune system. The poster
discusses the role these factors can play in the development of the disease
by affecting the immune system.
Keywords: psychoneuroimmunology, allergies, personality, emotional states
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Self-concept and make-up usage in student population
- Authors:
- Brdar, Ingrid
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
- Bezinović, Petar
Proceedings title: 2nd Alpe Adria Symposium on Psychology
Language: engleski
Place: Trst, Italija
Year: 1991
Meeting: II Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology
Held: from 05/30/91 to 06/01/91
Summary: The frequency and variability of make-up usage (powder
blush, eye-shadow, mascara, lipstick, facial cream, liquid make-up) among
female university students were related to some aspects of self-concept
(self-esteem, perception of incompetence, masculinity-femininity, social
desirability, anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, private
self-consciousness) in seven different social situations (university
lectures, taking the exam, going out with friends, visiting friends,
visiting relatives, shopping, medical check-up). The results showed that
there was a substantial consistency in make-up usage through situations
(Cronbach alpha .94). According to regression analyses, both, the
frequency, as well as the variability of make-up usage were best explaind
by masculinity and the level of self-esteem. Students with higher scores on
masculinity and self-esteem scales, reported more frequent and more
flexible make-up usage.
The results reaffirm that persons with higher self-esteem and higher
masculinity are more proficient in using the strategies of
self-presentation.
Keywords: self-concept, make-up usage, social situations
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Relations Between Sex Role Orientation, Occupational
Preferences and Role Behaviors
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
- Hudek-Knežević, Jasna (113806)
Proceedings title: 2nd Alpe Adria Symposium on Psychology
Language: engleski
Place: Trst, Italija
Year: 1991
Meeting: II Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology
Held: from 05/30/91 to 06/01/91
Summary: In accord with multidimensional view of gender
stereotypes, three components of gender stereotypes: traits, occupations
and role behaviors were examined. These components were identified in
pretesting and previous research.
The aim of this study was to determine interrelations between them and
see wether by using sex role inventory one could predict sex typed
preferences and role behaviors. university students participated as
subjects. Possible use of this approach were discussed briefly.
Keywords: sex role orientation, occupational preferences, sex role behaviors
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Educational computer software for teaching of
neuropsychology
- Authors:
- Tkalčić, Mladenka (161666)
- Sremec, Tamara
- Editors
- Sremec, Branko
Proceedings title: Elektronska računala i psihologija
Language: hrvatski
Place: Rijeka
Year: 1994
Pages: from 19 to 19
Meeting: Elektronska računala i psihologija
Held: from 09/30/94 to 10/01/94
- Type of paper
: Summary in proceedings
Title: Samopoimanje i struktura emocija
- Authors:
- Bezinović, Petar
- Kardum, Igor (123456)
Proceedings title: Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology
Language: engleski
Place: Trst, Italija
Year: 1991
Meeting: II Alps-Adria Symposium on Psychology
Held: from 01/30/91 to 06/01/91
Summary: The basic starting points of the research were that 1) the
self-concept is closely related to emotional functioning of human being,
and that 2) emotions can be treated like traits and personality patterns.
An instrument for measuring the eight primary emotions according to
Plutchik (fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, anticipation, surprise) was
constructed. It was used to investigate the relation between self-concept
and emotional structure. The above mentioned emotional dimensions were
related to some aspects of self-evaluation (self-esteem, perception of
incompetence, fear of negative evaluation andexternal locus of control).
According to the results of the factor analysis, three distinctive factors
emerge. The self-concept dimension was cenceptually different from the
emotional system, which was divided into two dimensions-positive and
negative emotions. Negative aspects of self were closely associated to the
dimension of negative emotions. Practically it means that individuals with
lower level of self-evaluation are more likely to experience negative
emotions. These findings reaffirm the importane of self-evaluation for the
quality of human adjustment.
Keywords: emotions, self-concept
- Type of paper
: Ph.D.
Title:
Faculty: Filozofski fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu
Author: ŽIVČIĆ IVANKA
Date of defense: 02/14/95
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 237
- Type of paper
: Ph.D.
Title: Personality dimensions and intraindividual mood changes
Faculty: Filozofski fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu
Author: KARDUM IGOR
Date of defense: 07/07/94
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 200
Summary: On the sample of 71 subjects the relations between various
dimensions of mood with regard to their dynamic features as e.g. average
mood, mood variability and dependency of mood across time are examined. The
possibility of predicting intraindividual mood changes on the basis of
Eysenck's personality traits, self-concept and coping styles are also
investigated. The results obtained show that different mood dimensions of
the same hedonic tone are mutually highly interrelated, both regarding
average and variability. The results also show rather strong tendency
toward variability which is mainly independent from hedonic tone. These
results confirm assumption about one general factor of affective
variability. The results suggest relatively low dependency of mood across
time, on the level of hierarchically higher mood dimensions as well as on
the level of some specific emotional states. However, within the same
category of hedonic tone mood dimensions are also highly correlated
regarding day-to-day dependency. Eysenck's personality traits, especially
neuroticism, are strong predictors of intraindividual mood changes while
different aspects of self-concept are relatively highly correlated with
average and variability of negative mood. Coping styles have low
correlations with various features of intraindividual mood changes and it
seems that their mediating function in emotional experiences are realized
only in interaction with stressful situation.
Keywords: average mood, mood variability, mood dependency across time, Eysenck's personality traits, self-concept, coping styles
- Type of paper
: M.A.
Title: Dimensions of affective states and moods - the semantic
and behavioural analysis: The relationship between some aspects of
self-concept and dimensions of emotional structure
Faculty: Filozofska fakulteta Univerza v Ljubljani
Author: KARDUM IGOR
Date of defense: 12/20/91
Language: hrvatski
Number of pages: 170
Summary: The relationship between eight primary emotions according
toPlutchik's psychoevolutionary theory (joy, sadness, fear,
anger,acceptance, rejection, anticipation and surprise) and someaspects of
self concept (self-esteem, perception of incompetence,fear of negative
evaluation, locus of control and private self-consciousness), were
examined. Results show that self-conceptdimensions are conceptually
different from the emotional system.Emotional dimensions are divided into
two factors; positive andnegative emotions. The third factor is defined by
self-conceptdimensions. There are moderate correlations between the first
twofactors and the third factor. Self concept dimensions canreasonably good
predict the experience of primary emotions, aswell as two second order
dimensions, positive and negativeemotions.
Keywords: positive emotions, negative emotions, self-concept
