ENERGY CONSERVATION, ALTERNATIVE SOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Main researcher
: BUDIN, RAJKA (5970) Assistants
MIHELIĆ-BOGDANIĆ, ALKA (74175)
KOTNIK, ČEDOMIR (176983)
KUPREŠAK, ŽELJKO (24620)
ŠTRBAC, GRADIMIR (176781)
VRAGOVIĆ, MIRKO (176770)
MORVAJ, ZORAN (107543)
FILIPAN, VELJKO (117544)
TOMŠIĆ, ŽELJKO (176520)
Type of research: basic Duration from: 01/01/91. to 12/31/95. Papers on project (total): 37
Papers on project quoted in Current Contents: 5
Institution name: Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije, Zagreb (125) Department/Institute: Department of thermodynamics, mechanical engineering and energetics Address: Savska 16 City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia
Communication
Phone: 385 (0)1 275-521
Fax: 385 (0)1 4550-725
Summary: The research activities are concernd with establishing an
energy management program in an organized way of energy savings,
rational use and environment protection. The energy analysis is developed
in the frame of conservation, efficiency and ecology terms. Most of the
energy consumed is obtained from fossil fuels with limited reserves and
an adverse effect on the environment. It therefore becomes necessary to
find a way to reduce consumption and also to replace fossil fuels. This
necessity includes energy conservation, i.e. energy savings, rational use
of energy and substitution of one form by another. By reducing total
fuel requirements the amount of rejected exhaust gases and also thermal
and chemical environmental pollution will diminish. The project
activities are carried out in following closely connected areas: a)
energy management in industrial systems, including process system
optimization with respect to thermodynamical, economical and
environmental demands, plant efficiency and energy savings; b) waste
heat economizing in the frame of waste energy reduction, low, medium and
high temperature heat recovery, cogeneration and effect on environmental
pollution; c) alternative conventional and renewable sources with
respect to availability, possibility for substitution and economics; d)
environmental pollution in respect of sort and quantity of fuel and
particularly flue gases desulphurization processes. The research results
are being published in domestic and international journals (12),
presented on congresses and printed in domestic and international
proceedings (25).
Keywords: energy audit, accounting and management, sources, consumption, process efficiency, optimal use, conservation, exhaust gases, condensate heat, heat recovery, cogeneration, CHP systems, alternative sources, substitution, renewable sources, solar radiation, wind energy, HVAC systems, ventilation losses, hydro generator cooling, environmental pollution, flue gases treatment
Research goals: The aim of search was the analysis of energy
influence as an input to the whole network of industrial processes. This
project has been developed to provide guidelines for the more efficient
processes related to energy management based on sustainable development.
The expected significant improvement of basic and advanced development
works are analysed and presented. The most important step which can be
taken with respect to energy management is to insure that the advantages
of the proposed approaches are considered in energy planning and using.
The treatment is carefully chosen to provide the right depth of energetic
background. It is evident that energy consumption could be reduced through
conservation based on greater efficiency in utilization. Therefore it is
necessary to identify how many different forms of energy are spent, what
they are used for and how efficiently they are used. Having collected
relevant data and analyzed energy use the next stage is to examine ways in
which energy management can be improved. In industrial processes it is
also important to determine the relationship between energy production and
ecology. In many processes there are valuable energy savings to be made by
waste heat recovering from plant and using it to preheat incoming cold
streams (boiler feed water, air to burners, fuel, process raw materials,
space heating application). Also the exhaust gases are important for
determining efficiency and environmental pollution. In regard to
environment, a treatment of ecological impact caused by energy processing
is searched out and some proposals are given. The relevant problems with
respect to rejected heat from industry and power stations are searched.
The renewable alternative sources such as solar and wind energy in relation
to energy conservation are also analyzed. The presented investigation
results in some energy saving proposals including benefits. As the basis
some characteristic industrial processes and changes in the energy supply
are elaborated. " Knowledge itself is
Power." F. Bacon Other information about the project.