SVIBOR - Project code: 2-99-120

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Strossmayerov trg 4, HR - 10000 ZAGREB
tel.: +385 1 459 44 44, fax: +385 1 459 44 69
E-mail: ured@znanost.hr

SVIBOR

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Project code: 2-99-120


THE INVESTIGATION OF MATERIALS AND PROCESSES IN THE GRAPHIC ARTS


Main researcher: GOLUBOVIĆ, ADRIJANO (75786)


Assistants
Type of research: applied
Duration from: 01/01/91. to 12/31/93.
Papers on project (total): 66
Institution name: Grafički fakultet, Zagreb (128)
Department/Institute: Faculty of printing art
Address: Getaldićeva 2
City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia
Communication
Phone: 385 (01) 216 444
Fax: 385 (01) 2335 397
E-mail: dekan@magrf.grf.hr
Summary: The method to calculate the effective values of screen points on the proof, necessary to obtain the colorimetric specified colours has been applied. The investigations were done with spectral photometer by performing measurements on previously made test objects. The reproduction graphs were constructed on the base of the obtained results and adjusted to the system of Neugebauer's equations, necessary for calculation the effective point values in determined conditions. The correction factors for increasing preciseness have been introduced. The effective point values on the print have been obtained from the data and colorimetric values of the chosen colour. The computer with the mathematical algorithm has been used. The samples have been produced with the usual colours with the emphasis on high reproducible colour. The offset technique has been used. The colours on originals and proofs have been measured by densitometer and spectrophotometer. The measuring results have been shown in a series of systems bound to the colour zone. The change of the tone has been investigated by measuring aberration angle. The adsorption of the methylene blue molecule on the electrode has been tested. The decrease of the impulse duration with the double potential jump in order to describe the optimal state on the surface has been demanded. Spectrophotometric measurements in the field of IR spectrum as a comparative study of the bind in the adsorption mechanism were used. The spectrophotometric measurements in the wave zone of the visible spectrum were used for testing the graphic colour reproduction and the IR waves of the visible spectrum and UV one with great resolution were used for measuring the eximere processes (state and transition). The structure and specially the surface characteristics of Al2O3 in dependence of the way of layer formation has been tested. The obtained results are combined with the influence of these characteristics on adhesion and possible binding ways of the photosensitive copying layer and the effect of the electromagnetic emanation on various types of sensitive coatings. The formation of the screen elements and their geometry in dependence on the surface structure of the oxide layer, on the influence of pH solution, concentration and its temperature have been tested. The parameters which influence the physical chemical behaviour of the non printing areas, the influence of the composition and pH solution for wetting as well as the surface charge and the influence on the hydrophilic character have been determined. Eventual corrosive action of the electrolytes which are contained in the wetting solution has been controlled. The influence of the chemical composition and the concentration of the liquid phase on electrical double layer which is formed on the boundary of the phases dye - liquid has been investigated. The influence of the electrolyte kind, ion charge and aliphatic and aromatic radicals of the hydrophilic groups has been specially investigated. The investigation comprises the characteristic proof surfaces. To measure the streaming potential the cell has been constructed, which enables the measuring on the sample - the plane. The laboratory instrument has been constructed in order to simulate the gluing together of the material in bookbinding and packing production. The greater number of the various materials (paper, board, glue) has been tested by laboratory device and on the machines in the firms. Based on the obtained data, there was an attempt to find the parameters on the laboratory devices which do not satisfy the quality of gluing together in usage. Unsufficiently investigated mechanical properties of the graphic materials and all the phenomena which influence the wear of the forme and machine elements in the graphic art have been studied. The wear curves were defined by direct investigation on production machines in order to get basic data about tribo systems. The simulation wear testing on the laboratory devices has been performed. The wear mechanism important for achieving the savings has been defined. The characters were designed by the computer. The old Slavic fonts and the fonts of the Cyrillic alphabet as well as the accents of the Latin characters were loaded by the reflective scanner. The colour separation was done by SpectrePrint and Photoshop. The tests of the continuous screen have been performed in the firm Vjesnik. Image and text integration with the programmes for the word division has been done by BBZ and PageMaker. The methodology of the modelling of special problem groups for the graphic art has been developed. The specific mathematical and logistic problems of the graphic art such as: problems for the packing production bound to cutting, packing, transportation, composing; problems of the optimal choice of the material; the sequence of the manufacturing orders, the order of the machines, the inner transport, picture digitalization etc. have been solved. The numerical processes for solving the problems have been developed and the software for computers have been done. The problems which could not be described by mathematical relations are presented by logistic connections. The simulation models were done wherever it was necessary. The state of the graphic activity (graphic industry, production and manufacture of paper, journalistic and information activity, publishing activity) has been observed from in Croatia and former Jugoslavia from the point of macro aspect. The relations of the complete income, depreciation, accumulation of capital and material costs from the point of spent materials in the graphic industry and its organisational units have been studied. The microinvestigations of the single sorts of the graphic materials have been carried through in some firms. Analysis in physical indicators and value has been done. The conclusions in connection with the productivity, economy and profitability of the graphic industry have been done.

Keywords: graphic technology, tone reproduction, color measurement, electrochemical testing of the printing forms, dye/solution, tribological phenomena, quality controle, digitalization of the characters, integration of picture and text

Research goals: The various senses of the coloration in the reproduction process are achieved, so that the adsorption qualities of the suitable base have been changed. It is achieved by adjusting the screen dot sizes of the basic colours. The investigation aim comprises the research of the possibility of the programming determination of the screen dot sizes necessary for the desired change of the absorption ability of the base, which is one of the basic problems of the graphic reproduction of the coloured originals. The optimisation of the reproduction process of colours in offset printing and their correlation with visual perception. It brings the standardization and the better quality of the final products. The investigation system of the adsorption of the molecule methylene blue on various stiff systems (electrodes) in the mechanism of the oxide reduction process. It is considered that during the crossing of the molecule of the methylene blue (MB) in the molecule of the leukomethylene blue (LMB) in that process, the change of the molecule configuration appears, respectively the phase crossings. The explanation for that manifestation means the contribution in finding the characters of the bindings and the layer stability in study of adsorption molecule of colour on metal surface. The investigations of the graphic colour characteristics in terms of reproduction in offered systems in colorimerty. It is necessary to bind the physical characteristics of colours measured in spectroscopic measurements with standard expressions of psychophysical characteristics. The investigations of the molecular crossings in emanation of light sources of the determined characteristics should give the answer about the eximere crossings in those systems. The systems of the molecule K Hg has been investigated. The comparison with the other systems has been performed (K Cd). The aim of the investigation is the investigation of those characteristics of the materials that influence the reproduction parameters of the printing formes and the determination of the correlation between these properties and the functional properties of the printing formes. Special attention was paid to the way, formation and surface properties of the oxide layer on aluminium (as printing forme for planographic printing) and its interaction with water dipoles and other particles which are charge carriers. It has been expected that the suggested investigation will enable deeper insight in the process of formation of printing and the non-printing elements and the way of their function. By determining the way of acting of a single material properties as well as the processing the printing forme on the reproduction characteristics of the printing forme, it will be possible to influence the separate functional characteristics of the printing formes by varying separate parameters.

COOPERATION - PROJECTS


  1. Name of project: 2-16-322 Kvantitativne i informatičke metode u grafičkoj tehnologiji
    Name of institution: Grafički fakultet
    City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia
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