SVIBOR - Project code: 4-01-055

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Project code: 4-01-055


Study and Use of Genetic Parameters in Agricultural Crops


Main researcher: KOZUMPLIK, VINKO (23053)


Assistants
Type of research: applied
Duration from: 01/01/91. to 12/31/95.
Papers on project (total): 102
Institution name: Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb (178)
Department/Institute: DEPARTMENT FOR PLANT BREEDING,GENETICS AND BIOMETRICS
Address: Svetošimunska cesta 25.
City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia
Communication
Phone: 385 (0)1 2335777
Fax: 385 (0)1 215300
E-mail: vkozum*magr.agr.hr
Summary: Research work carried out within the research project "Study and Use of Genetic Parameters in Agricultural Crops" has been done on maize, wheat and the large seed Fabaceae sp. Maize: Cattle feeding is generally based on maize silage. For this purpose commercial maize hybrids for kernel production, are used. Such silage is often lacking digestable stover. Milking cows taking such silage get physiological disordes. Thus, for feeding milking cows, sheep and goats, maize hybrids with high whole plant dry matter and high digestability of ungrained plant parts are needed. Twelve inbred lines and their 24 crosses were analysed for variability in dry matter yield of the whole plant and the grained-ungrained part, as well as for variability in content of moisture, ash, crude proteins, crude fats, crude fibres and NFE, with the aim to determine the germplasm for maize hybrids with high yield and digestibility of the ungrained part. The results have shown high variability between hybrids in dry matter yield of the whole plant, the ungrained part, crude fibres and NFE. Similar variability was recorded for inbred lines, too. The crude protein content and crude fat content have shown lower variability. Sixteen hybrids (4x4 geneticaly divergent lines) and their eight parental lines were studied in the field experiments and analysed in the lab during the 1993-95 period of time. In most cases additive part of the genotypic variance (GCA) was larger than the dominant part (SCA). Different lines have shown to be good germplasm for different traits importante for the silage quality. Through recombination of these lines a source breeding population for silage hybrids might be developed. Wheat: The vernalization stage was studied for 106 wheat genotypes in 1991, and for 22 genotypes in 1992 In 1993 M. Sc. thesis "Methods for determining vernalization requirments of wheat genotypes (Tr. aestivum L.) suitable in plant breeding" was writen and defended. In order to study genetic parameters of wheat yield components diallel crosses were done with six winter wheat genotypes. Seed of F2, B1 and B2 was obtained too. In 1992 the F1 generation was compared with its parents in a three replication experiment, and in 1993 the P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 were studied also in a three replication experiment. Breeding work using conventional breeding methods has been continued. A considerable number of breeding lines has been developed, as good as, or better than the best standards. The lines have shown better resistance to most prevalent disease and a better baking quality. In 1995 two cultivars of winter wheat have been released (Kuna and Magdalen), and three lines are still in the experiment for releasing. Fabaceae: During the five year period (1991-1995) of permanent breeding program qualitative and quantitative characters of cca 300 cross progenies (F1-F7) of soybean, cca 100 of lupin and cca 100 of pea were evaluated every year. The most promissing selected lines (25 of soybean, 17 of lupin and 15 of pea) were tested in comparative field trials. Two cultivars of soybean (Hrvatica and Buga), two of lupin (Maksimirka and Zrinka) and one of pea (Šampion) have been released. Breeding work to develope new breeding lines have been continued. More attention has been paid to the stability parameters of domestic cultivars and foreign soybean introductions. In 1995 a new soybean cultivar (Ružica) has been released.

Keywords: Genetic parameters, silage maize, wheat, soybean, pea, lupin, cultivar, population, genetic variability.

Research goals: Maize: Research goals have been (1) to study the variabilityof yield and energy components of kernels and other plant partsof maize hybrids and inbred lines, (2) to determine inbred linesgeneticly divergent in feeding value of kernels and other plantparts, and (3) to study inheritance of the feeding valuecomponents of the latter inbred lines. In this way knowledgeabout genetic variability of the feeding value and abuotinheritance of the feeding value components of the studied maizeinbred lines will be obtained. This will enable selection ofmaize inbred lines among the existing ones, for developingbreeding populations by hybridization, which will be source ofnew inbred lines for silage maize hybrids. Wheat: Determining the vernalization stage by different datesof planting in spring in our growing condition, was notstandardized and, results of different authors could not becompared. On the basis of the research results and a M. Sc.thesis, an optimal spring date of planting has bean recommendedfor northwestern Croatia. The data should be suitable fordetermining the optimal vernalization stage of winter wheatcultivars grown under our growing conditions. On the basis ofrecorded data on a half diallel cross of six genotypes, and onthe P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 population, studying GCA,SCA, heritability in broad and narrow sense, and other geneticparameters for plant hight, spike length, number of spikelets perspike, number of tillers, number of kernels and kernel yield per spike, per main tiller and per plant, is being done. Fabaceae: Creation of early, stable, high yielding andof good quality cultivars of grain legumes. Solution oftheoretical and practical problems in breeding of grain legumestrough scientific and technical publications including graduate, postgraduate and doctoral thesis.

COOPERATION - PROJECTS


  1. Name of project: JF-010-31 Study and Use of Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding
    Name of institution: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
    City: 7614 - Raleigh, USA

  2. Name of project: 1-08-119 Razvoj i unapređenje genetske osnove kukuruza
    Name of institution: Institut za oplemenjivanje i proizvodnju bilja, Zagreb
    City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia

COOPERATION - INSTITUTIONS


  1. Name of institution: Institut za oplemenjivanje i proizvodnju bilja Zagreb
    Type of institution: Institution whose primary activities ar
    Type of cooperation: Joint project
    City: 10000 - Zagreb, Croatia

  2. Name of institution: Facolta di Agraria, Universita di Udine, Italia
    Type of institution: University/Faculty
    Type of cooperation: Joint publishing of scientific papers
    City: 33100 - Udine, Italy

  3. Name of institution: North Carolina State University - USDA
    Type of institution: University/Faculty
    Type of cooperation: Joint project
    City: 7614 - Raleigh, USA

OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS


  1. Name: Priznati i registrirani novi kultivari poljoprivrednog bilja
    Type of achievement: Other
    Authors: R. Henneberg, Z. Martinić-Jerčić, V. Kozumplik, I. Kolak, S. Milas, J. Radošević, M. Barić
Other information about the project.
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